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211.
Charles R. Tittle David A. Ward Harold G. Grasmick 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2003,19(4):333-365
Using survey data, various measures of self-control, based respectively on cognitive and behavioral indicators, are compared in their ability to predict eight measures of crime/deviance. The results show that either type of measure produces supportive evidence for the theory, and the behavioral measures provide no better prediction than do the cognitive measures. Unlike cognitive type indicators, and contrary to the implications of the theory, different types of crime-analogous, imprudent behaviors are not highly interrelated, making it difficult to develop reliable behavioral measures. These results suggest that general support for self-control theory would likely not be any greater if all researchers had used behaviorally based measures, as recommended by the authors of the theory. Improving the level of prediction to the point where self-control could claim to be the master variable, as envisioned by its proponents, does not seem to rest on a shift to behaviorally based measures. Instead, improvements in the theory itself, particularly the incorporation of contingencies, appears to offer more promise. 相似文献
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Barnes JE Boat BW Putnam FW Dates HF Mahlman AR 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2006,21(12):1616-1634
This study examined the association between ownership of high-risk ("vicious") dogs and the presence of deviant behaviors in the owners as indicated by court convictions. We also explored whether two characteristics of dog ownership (abiding licensing laws and choice of breed) could be useful areas of inquiry when assessing risk status in settings where children are present. Our matched sample consisted of 355 owners of either licensed or cited dogs that represented high or low-risk breeds. Categories of criminal convictions examined were aggressive crimes, drugs, alcohol, domestic violence, crimes involving children, firearm convictions, and major and minor traffic citations. Owners of cited high-risk ("vicious") dogs had significantly more criminal convictions than owners of licensed low-risk dogs. Findings suggest that the ownership of a high-risk ("vicious") dog can be a significant marker for general deviance and should be an element considered when assessing risk for child endangerment. 相似文献
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Bressler HJ 《Journal of health law》2002,35(2):179-187
The author, the General Counsel of the joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, discusses the concerns that have been raised about the Commission's Patient Safety standards and Sentinel Event policy. Mr. Bressler understands the view that compliance with the Commission's standards and procedures (which are designed to help advance safety in our healthcare system) could, in particular cases and under certain circumstances, heighten litigation risks, but emphasizes the benefits attainable from systematic analysis of errors. Moreover, the article concludes that thoughtful lawyering by counsel for healthcare organizations can help minimize any risks, pending legislation establishing the needed certainty in the law. 相似文献
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Harold L. Votey 《Journal of criminal justice》1984,12(2):115-130
This paper suggests that the apparently observed initial success of legislation to control drunken driving accidents by law enforcement and sanctions, followed by a return of accident levels to initial trends may be an artifact of failure to properly model the accident process. The point is illustrated by simulating a model of accidents in which drunken driving is controllable with a change in laws. It shows that this control effect can easily be swamped by other plausible accident inducing forces. Finally, it is argued that the cost of failing to maintain efforts to control drunken driving may be greater than the social costs of maintaining high enforcement levels and stiff penalties. 相似文献
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Harold Tanner 《Law & social inquiry》1995,20(1):277-303