Religion and the State: The Case of Faith–based Schools

It is always misleading, and sometimes dangerous, to suppose that the current problems represent no more than a recapitulation of earlier and intractable difficulties. An inhibiting sense of déjà vu numbs the mind and distracts attention from the essential novelty of deceptively familiar issues. The contemporary interaction of religion and politics in Western societies is as different from nineteenth–century contests between traditional faiths and their critics as it is distant from medieval versions of the church and state question. These truisms are well illustrated by the attempt made in this article to apply some of the harder lessons of historical and of cross–national studies to current debates on changing relations between organised religion and public education.     

Freud's adolescence and the prolegomena to psychoanalysis

The adolescence of creative individuals appears retrospectively preparatory. It is a period of apprenticeship permitting ego integrations of new identifications and the amalgamation of attachments from the past with goals for the future. A period of moratorium during which there is seeming inactivity permits the consolidation of new skills and interests. In Sigmund Freud's case, the period of early adolescence (following the onset of puberty) may have provided an opportunity for psychological discoveries through experiments with free association. These insights were repressed in later adolescence and did not reach fruition until subsequent maturity of the ego had taken place. It is suggested that early adolescence permits a prepatterning for later creative activity and the nascent contents are an anlage for the subsequent creativity.Received his M.D. from University of Toronto. Major interests are creativity and the relation between psychoanalysis and the humanities.     

Labour market discrimination against indigenous people in Peru

In this article, the component of the gross wage differential that can be explained by productivity‐enhancing attributes and that which is due to unexplained factors and labour market discrimination are empirically determined. Individual data from the 1991 Living Standards Measurements Survey of Peru are used to analyse labour market earnings and to decompose the gross earnings differential. A large portion of the indigenous/non‐indigenous wage gap is unexplained by human capital and other observable differences.