Pathways to cooperation among public agencies

This study explores forces that push public agencies to overcome barriers to cooperation. Case studies of nine groups of local school districts examined the pressures that shaped local participation in cooperative programs. The literature on relationships among organizations suggests six possible reasons to bear the costs of cooperation: to get more resources, to satisfy norms and values, to obtain political advantage, to solve problems, to reduce uncertainty, and to obey legal mandates. Data from the cases illustrate strengths and weaknesses of these six theoretical lines of argument as they apply to the decisions of public managers coping with complex realities. A process model of cooperation integrates the lessons of the data into a perspective that highlights the role of demands for improved performance. The model offers realistic guidance for the design of workable cooperative relationships.     

Politische Regime,politische Stabilität und Wirtschaftswachstum

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss politisch‐institutioneller Faktoren auf das langfristige Wirtschaftswachstum zwischen 1960 und 1992, wobei der Fokus auf den Effekt politischer Stabilität und politischer Regime auf die ökonomische Entwicklung gelegt wird. Hinsichtlich der Bedeutung der politischen Stabilität für die ökonomische Entwicklung wird gezeigt, dass schwere inner‐ und zwischenstaatliche Konflikte die ökonomische Entwicklung hemmen, während schwelende und sporadische Konflikte keinen Bremseffekt auf das Wirtschaftswachstum ausüben. Bezüglich des Einflusses politischer Regime auf das Wirtschaftswachstum wird die Hypothese vertreten, dass ein simpler Demokratie‐Diktatur‐Vergleich zu kurz greift. Die empirischen Befunde sprechen vielmehr dafür, dass sowohl Autokratien als auch Demokratien mit langfristigem Wirtschaftswachstum kompatibel sind, sofern wirtschaftliche Eigentums‐ und Verfügungsrechte garantiert werden und diese rechtsstaatlich abgesichert sind. Hält man den Entwicklungsstand dieser Institutionen konstant, zeigt sich ein nichtlinearer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Demokratisierungsniveau und dem langfristigen Wirtschaftswachstum.     

Taxing capital gains

From 1969 to 1971 he was a member and from 1972 to 1974 the Chairman of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers. His major publications include The Fiscal Revolution in America, Presidential Economics,and Governing the $5 Trillion Economy.He is a member of the board of contributors of the Wall Street Journal, where his writings appear frequently.     

Public information campaigns as policy instruments

Considerable controversy surrounds public information campaigns: government-directed and sponsored efforts to communicate to large numbers of citizens in order to achieve a policy result, or what might be called government propaganda. We analyze the use of campaigns as policy instruments in three ways: (1) effectiveness in achieving substantive outcomes; (2) political benefits for public officials; and (3) consequences for democratic processes. Our review of 100 campaigns from these three perspectives reveals significant advantages and disadvantages of using campaigns in practice. We conclude that the advantages of public information campaigns justify their use as policy intruments when used appropriately and with care to mitigate the disadvantages.     

European trade policy in Africa

A detailed critique of where aid has got Africa so far and why the ‘big push’ may not be the answer for the continent, particularly if donor agencies do not embark on substantial internal reforms and Africa itself does not act to improve its own lot.