Schuldbefreiende Wirkung von Auszahlungen an Sparbuchinhaber

Bei der vor der Genehmigung gem § 154 Abs 3 ABGB vorzunehmenden Vorwegprüfung einer Klage gegen die Bank wegen unberechtigter Auszahlung von Spareinlagen ist davon auszugehen, dass das Kreditinstitut bei einem Guthabensstand von über € 15.000,- bei Vorlage des Sparbuchs nur an den nach § 40 Abs 1 BWG identifizierten Kunden mit schuldbefreiender Wirkung zahlen kann.     

Innovativer Föderalismus? – Das österreichische Naturschutzrecht zwischen Deregulierungsdruck und Europäisierung

Die Angelegenheiten des Natur- und Landschaftsschutzes stellen im Bundesstaat ?sterreich eine wichtige und vergleichsweise abgerundete Landeskompetenz dar. Sie sind in den Kompetenzartikeln der Bundesverfassung nicht ausdrücklich erw?hnt und fallen daher unter die Generalklausel des Art. 15 Abs. 1 der Bundesverfassung (B-VG) und damit in die ausschlie?liche Zust?ndigkeit der L?nder in Gesetzgebung und Vollziehung. Dies bedeutet freilich nicht, dass in der Praxis nicht zahlreiche Abgrenzungsfragen auftauchen würden, weil eine Vielzahl von Umweltschutzkompetenzen, wie etwa das Wasserrecht und das Forstrecht der Gesetzgebungskompetenz des Bundes zugewiesen sind.     

Climate Change and the US Security Sector: the Securitization of Climate Change

This preliminary study traces how climate change came to be viewed as a security issue in the United States through a review of policy documents and reports prepared for and by the US security sector. The paper draws upon the ideas of constructivist schools of security studies to provide an analytical framework for understanding the meaning of the securitization process as it has occurred in the United States. It then refl ects upon the adequacy of those frameworks to interpret the securitization of climate change. In the US, new knowledge of the phenomenon of climate change was fi rst constructed in the research sector, in the fi elds of meteorology and atmospheric science. Environmental and Earth sciences then became a locus of research, and climate change fi rst entered security discourse as a topic of environmental protection. As the implications of climate change and its potential impact on water resources, food production, diseases, infrastructure, and human migration came to the attention of the security sector, this knowledge stimulated an internal discourse, where each new document functioned both as a new securitization statement and as a policy response to prior documents in a chain of discourse. Actors in this securitization process included not only “speakers” making a securitization claim (knowledge claim) and “audiences” that accept or reject a claim. Importantly, it also included actors who were instrumental in translating knowledge between research and security sectors. This brief consideration suggests that social science theories that center on practice are more robust than those that center on discourse for interpreting the securitization of climate change. Improved analytic frameworks need to better account for actors whose role is to transfer and translate knowledge from one sector to another.     

An island unmixed: European military intervention and the displacement of Crete's Muslims, 1896–1908

This article examines the displacement of the majority of Crete's Muslim population after an upheaval led to the establishment of an autonomous regime on the island in 1898, following the military intervention by a coalition of European powers (Britain, France, Italy and Russia). By drawing a connection between Cretan topography and the type of intervention, I argue that the coalition's policies played a central role in Muslim emigration from the greatest Ottoman island. The article highlights the sectarian lens through which the European decision-makers regarded relations between the island's Christian and Muslim populations. In so doing, it makes a contribution to the history of European intervention in the Ottoman Empire. The final section offers a glimpse into the diminished Muslim minority under the autonomous regime, which was established after Abdülhamid II withdrew his soldiers from Crete, signifying de facto termination of Ottoman sovereignty on the island.     

网络时代政策议程设置机制研究

本文以立法进程为例,分析网络时代公民自媒体(微博客等)激活政策沉淀、助推焦点事件、触发公共政策议程的现象。采用过程追踪法并结合案例讨论,探讨网络时代由焦点事件触发的中国政策议程设置机制。基于媒体—公众—政策议程的经验模型和焦点事件理论,构建了网络时代中国政策议程设置的机制模型,揭示中国政策议程设置由传统"自上而下"、单向性方式向"自下而上"和交互性方式的转型趋势,提出政策议程设置的"自媒体触发模式"。