盲点审视:看守所接受委托审查被羁押者通信制度论

看守所接受办案机关委托审查被羁押者通信制度是刑事诉讼中司法机关之间的互助制度。该制度具有厘清看守所审查被羁押者通信的角色和地位、综合反映看守所功能、改善看守所与被羁押者的关系、推动看守所接受委托审查被羁押者通信制度规范化的价值;但也存在控制通信优位于保障通信、制度设计面临实施困难的弊端。应当明确委托审查的范围、委托审查的手续、委托的授权范围、委托后对通信的审查等内容,建构看守所接受委托后审查被羁押者通信制度审查报告义务制度、审查的责任承担制度、修改审查内容的通知制度。     

Effect of Wind on Horizontal Displacement of Fatal Fall from a Height

The horizontal displacement of the human body resulting from fatal fall from a height is an important variable commonly used to inversely determine the cause or identify other forensic aspects of the fall. When examining the horizontal displacement, the wind effect is generally ignored. This technical note reports analytical modeling of the falling process, utilizing previous measurements of wind force acting on the human body, for determining the functional relationship between the wind speed and the horizontal displacement in the falling process. The result reveals that it does not take extremely rare wind conditions to cause a considerable shift of the human body, highlighting the importance to consider wind as a factor in investigations of fatal falls.     

Sudden Death Caused by Rupture of Spontaneous Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysm in an Adult

A 55-year-old man complained of sudden onset of severe neck pain. This was followed by prompt loss of consciousness and death. Autopsy revealed rupture of a saccular aneurysm, which was considered to have resulted from enlargement of the remaining ductal tissue, and was located on the medial aspect of the uppermost portion of the descending aorta. Dense blood extravasation was noted in the posterior mediastinum and extending to the strap muscles of the neck and larynx. Histological examination of the rupture site revealed disappearance of the medial elastic fibers and thickened intima covered with dense fibrous tissue. Spontaneous ductus arteriosus aneurysm in adults is a rare finding, but widespread use of imaging technologies has revealed that it develops more frequently than previously recognized. Fatal complications may occur even when the aneurysm is relatively small. Therefore, pathologists should be aware of this aneurysm as a potential cause of sudden death.     

祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率研究

目的推导祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率(PMGDS)公式,并以随机模拟法进行验证。方法首先,根据定义推导PMGDS的数学公式,依据此公式在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的数值。其次,以随机模拟法设计实验,在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的模拟值。最后,以模拟值对比公式值的方式,对公式进行实验验证。结果研究获得了PMGDS的数学公式,经模拟实验验证显示出良好的符合。结论祖孙双单亲比对的错判概率较低,具有很好的应用价值。     

侦诉衔接下主办侦查员制度的适用与优化

主办侦查员制度进一步强化了侦查活动与侦查监督、审查起诉、审判等工作之间的衔接,而侦诉衔接的过程中主办侦查员与其他诉讼主体在理念、方法和思维方面存在差异,成为了主办侦查员制度发挥功效所面临的困境。对此,主办侦查员制度在施行与适用的过程中应当注重对主办侦查员法治化理念的强化,明确侦查中立性要求,提升侦查诉讼性目标,以主办侦查员主动化、负责制、提升侦查质量为方法实现侦诉衔接下主办侦查员制度的优化。     

The doctrine of liability fixation of state responsibility in the convention on transboundary pollution damage

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - Transboundary pollution is an international problem. There are currently no adequate mechanisms under international law to...     

煤矿一线员工过度劳动评价与影响因素 —— 基于四个省份十二个煤矿调查数据的分析

基于四个省份十二个煤矿一线员工的问卷调查数据,采用相关性分析和多元回归分析的方法, 从个人、家庭、企业、工作四方面,探究了我国煤矿一线员工过度劳动影响因素。研究发现：经济利益、自我发展、 家庭责任、不和谐的家庭关系、考核标准、薪酬制度、企业文化、工作量、工作要求、工作环境对煤矿一线员工 过度劳动的产生具有显著的正向影响,家庭支持对煤矿一线员工过度劳动的产生具有显著的负向影响。不同年龄、 不同工龄、不同收入的员工,过度劳动程度存在显著差异。年龄越大、工龄越长、收入越高的员工过劳程度更高。 总体上看,煤矿一线员工普遍存在过度劳动且较为严重。     

Budgeting for Accountability: A Comparative Study of Budget Reforms in the United States during the Progressive Era and in Contemporary China

Budgeting is an important mechanism for ensuring public accountability. How do budget reforms in the United States during the Progressive Era compare to those in contemporary China? Are administrative and legislative budget controls essential to an effective, efficient government? Though the two countries differ in many respects, significant parallels between their budget reforms are evident. In the United States, electoral accountability alone does not guarantee overall government accountability if proper budgetary institutions are absent. China's recent budget reform reveals that it is possible to develop accountability, absent open elections, but with limitations and constraints. Lessons on budgeting and accountability for other developing and transitional countries are drawn from this comparative study.     

吸毒人员的群体特征:海洛因和新型毒品的比较分析

在我国毒品问题从海洛因向新型毒品演变的背景下,本文使用上海的调查数据,从人口特征、吸毒行为模式、人际交往网络、性行为与艾滋病风险四个方面,对海洛因和新型毒品两类吸毒人员的群体特征进行了系统的比较分析.结果发现,两类毒品的滥用流行具有相当大的差异性.