B. Reviews: general

EARLY ISLAM: COLLECTED ARTICLES. By W. MONTGOMERY WATT. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1990. xi, 207pp.

THE KINGDOM OF CYPRUS AND THE CRUSADES 1191–1374. By PETER W. EDBURY. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xvi, 241 pp. £27.50 (hb).

MAMLOUKS, OTTOMANS ET PORTUGAIS EN MER ROUGE: L'AFFAIRE DE DJEDDA EN 1517. By JEAN‐LOUIS BACQUE‐GRAMMONT & ANNE KR(ELL. (Supplément aux Annales islamologiques, Cahier no.12). Le Caire, Publication de l'Institut français d'Archéologie orientale, 1988. 113 pp. 2 sketches, 4 pages of maps, 1 pull‐out table.

A SHI'ITE PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA 1885–1886: THE SAFARNAMEH OF MIRZA MOHAMMAD HOSAYN FARAHANI. By MIRZA MOHAMMAD HOSAYN FARAHANI, ed., translated and annotated by HAFEZ FARMAYAN and ELTON L. DANIEL. London, Saqi Books, 1991. xxii, 380pp. £29.95 (hb).

ISLAMIC REFORM: POLITICS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN LATE OTTOMAN SYRIA. By DAVID DEAN COMMINS. Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press, 1990. 199pp.

RIYADH: THE OLD CITY. By WILLIAM FACEY. London, Immel, 1992. 370 + 14pp., 17 maps and plans, 94 illustrations. £29.95.

THE STUDY OF ARABIC IN MALTA, 1632 TO 1915. By DIONISIUS AGIUS. Translated from the Maltese by Vincenz P. Borg. Revised and edited by Francine Geraci. Louvain, Peeters, 1990. xii, 52pp. 3 illustrations.

ARAB VOICES: THE HUMAN RIGHTS DEBATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST. By KEVIN DWYER. London, Routledge, 1991. 245 pp. $12.95.

SUPERPOWERS AND CLIENT STATES IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE IMBALANCE OF INFLUENCE. Edited by MOSHE EFRAT and JACOB BERCOVITCH. London, Routledge, 1991. 272 pp.

STATECRAFT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: OIL, HISTORICAL MEMORY AND POPULAR CULTURE. Edited by ERIC DAVIS and NICOLAS GAVRIELIDES. Miami, Florida International University Press, 1991. 274 pp. $30.76 (hb), $13.82 (pb).

TRIBE AND STATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST. Edited by PHILIP S. KHOURY and JOSEPH KOSTINER. London, Taurus, 1991. 352pp. £35.

HONOR AND GRACE IN ANTHROPOLOGY. Edited by J.G. PERISTIANY and JULIAN PITT‐RIVERS. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xiii, 260pp., 11 pp. illustrations. £35.00 (hb).

THE MODERN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST IN ITS WORLD CONTEXT. Edited by GEORGES SABAGH. (Tenth Giorgio Levi Delia Vida Biennial Conference.) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 161pp.

ISLAMIC FINANCIAL MARKETS. Edited by RODNEY WILSON. London, Routledge, 1990. 242 pp.

BATISSEURS ET BUREAUCRATES: INGENIEURS ET SOCIETE AU MAGHREB ET AU MOYEN ORIENT. Edited by ELIZABETH LONGUENESSE. (Collection Etudes sur le Monde Arabe, 4.) Lyon, Maison de l'Orient Mediterranéen, 1991. 437pp.

POLITICS AND ECONOMY IN JORDAN. By RODNEY WILSON. London, Routledge, 1991. xiv, 243pp. £35.00.

TRIBES WITH FLAGS: A DANGEROUS PASSAGE THROUGH THE CHAOS OF THE MIDDLE EAST. By CHARLES GLASS. New York, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1990. US$22.95 (cloth).

PITY THE NATION: LEBANON AT WAR. By ROBERT FISK. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991. xix, 662pp. Maps. £6.99 (pb).

WHO'S AT THE HELM? LESSONS OF LEBANON. By RAYMOND TANTER. Boulder, Westview Press, 1990. x, 262pp. Maps.

RELIGION AND CUSTOM IN A MUSLIM SOCIETY: THE BERTI OF SUDAN. By LADISLAV HOLY. (Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, 78.) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xi, 243pp. 12 figs. Map. £30.00.

THE TRAGEDY OF THE TURKISH CAPITAL TAX. By FAIK OKTE. London, Croom Helm, 1987. 95 pp.

BARTERED BRIDES. By NANCY TAPPER. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xx, 309pp. £32.50 ($54.50).

MUSLIM FAMILIES IN NORTH AMERICA. Edited by EARLE H. WAUGH, SHARON McIRVIN ABU‐LABAN and REGULA BURCKHARDT QURESHI. Canada, University of Alberta Press, 1991. xiv, 370 pp. $39.95.

AFRICANISMO Y ORIENTALISMO ESPANOL, in AWRAQ: ESTUDIOS SOBRE EL MUNDO ARABE E ISLAMICO CONTEMPORANEO. Edited by VICTOR MORALES LEZCANO. (Anejo al Volumen XI.) Madrid, Agencia Espanola de Cooperation Internacional, Universidad Nacional de Education a Distancia, 1990. 217pp.

VEILED HALF‐TRUTHS. WESTERN TRAVELLERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF MIDDLE EASTERN WOMEN. By JUDY MABRO. London, Tauris, 1991. x, 275pp.     

From extractivism towards buen vivir: mining policy as an indicator of a new development paradigm prioritising the environment

This article analyses mining policy as an indicator of a larger question: are some Third World governments starting to steer away from plunder ‘extractivism’ towards a paradigm that prioritises the environment? We begin with the cases of El Salvador and Costa Rica, which have major mining bans in place. We then present the results of our research in which we find five other countries with noteworthy mining-policy shifts: Panama, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and New Zealand. A sixth country, Honduras under President Zelaya, stands as a recent historical case of how sensitive such a policy change can be. A key take-away from our article is that critical development scholars and practitioners need to look more closely at the mining sector – not simply to analyse case studies of specific mining protests and resistances to extractivism, although these are of course important. Rather, there is a need to investigate policy changes that just might be indications that the era of unquestioning extractivism has ended and that at least some governments are initiating policies to incorporate environmental externalities, policies that suggest a changing development paradigm in the direction of environmental – and concomitant social and economic – ‘well-being’ as envisioned in buen vivir.     

Getting Down to Basics: A Situated Model of Conflict in Social Relations

The field of conflict resolution is fractured. Despite many decades of fine research, we still lack a basic unifying framework that integrates the many theories of conflict dynamics. Thus, the findings from research on conflict are often piecemeal, decontextualized, contradictory, or focused on negative outcomes, which contributes to a persistent research‐practice gap. In this article, we describe a situated model for the study of conflict that combines separate strands of scholarship into a coherent framework for conceptualizing conflict in dyadic social relations. The model considers conflict interactions in the context of social relations and employs prior research on the fundamental dimensions of social relations to create a basic framework for investigating conflict dynamics. The resulting model is heuristic and generative. We discuss the theoretical context and main propositions of this model as well as its implications for conflict resolution practitioners.     

INTERDISCIPLINARY LAW AND PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY

The opportunity to do interdisciplinary research and training is both exciting and daunting. As Indiana University forges a partnership between law and psychology, graduate and law students are on the frontlines of the collaboration—present for both the rewards and the challenges of bringing two disciplines together. We are grateful for this chance to represent the voices of students involved in interdisciplinary training and education. As a third-year law student at Indiana School of Law (M.N.) and a first-year graduate student in Clinical Psychology at Indiana University (R.B.), we respond to the following questions about our interdisciplinary experiences in law and psychology. ¹     

Increasing irrationality? The equilibrium relationship between electoral and legislative party system size, 1950–2005

Institutional theories of party system size tell us that voters and parties should anticipate the mechanical effects of electoral systems and adjust their behaviour accordingly. If these expectations hold true, then the size of the party system at the electoral and legislative levels should maintain a long-run equilibrium relationship, as the number of parties receiving votes is adjusted in response to the number of parties in the legislature. I estimate a series of error-correction models to examine this expectation in 16 Western democracies from 1950 to 2005. Party system size at the electoral level does exhibit a general, equilibrium relationship with party system size in the legislature. However, this relationship has recently disappeared in single-member-district systems. This growing disparity between party system size at the electoral and legislative levels signals important changes in the nature of electoral representation.