试论罗马法对十月革命前俄罗斯诉讼制度的影响

早期的俄罗斯法属于斯拉夫法系,后又继承罗马法系,至19世纪中叶,它基本上属于大陆法系。十月革命后,世界上第一个社会主义法律体系苏联法体系创制。1991年12月苏联解体,俄罗斯成为独立的联邦制国家,俄罗斯联邦的国家性质、法律制度等都发生了深刻的变革,但俄罗斯法律改革的基本走向,是以趋同大陆法系为特点。这一特点与俄罗斯法律在历史上渊源于罗马法不无关系。本文从历史角度审视了罗马法对十月革命前俄罗斯诉讼制度的影响,认为俄罗斯诉讼制度形成过程中的主要法律文献都留有罗马法的清晰印记。俄罗斯法律与罗马法源远流长的关系,或许就是当今俄罗斯司法制度更加趋同大陆法系的一个不可或缺的原因。     

伊斯兰人权思想刍议

伊斯兰世界是全球社会的一个有机组织,在遵循世界人权普遍原则的基础上,伊斯兰人权又表现出自身的特殊性,这是由其文化特性所决定的。当我们以现代眼光讨论伊斯兰人权时,应该注意其早期的文化形态、萌发环境及其历史背景,以包容和尊重的态度对待伊斯兰人权。既要看到人权普遍性,也要重视人权的特殊性,尊重并承认世界上各种不同的文化和人权观,按照“和而不同”的原则,通过平等的对话和交流,促进人权的发展。     

达尔富尔重建之路有多远

三步一岗、五步一哨,用这样的描述形容苏丹北达尔富尔州首府法希尔的主要街道,可以说名符其实。2007年7月23日,我们在这里看到,到处是荷枪实弹的士兵与警察。进入市区的路口都有军用皮卡车驻守。车后面都高高地架着一挺重机枪,拖着一长串子弹。车上站着的四五个士兵都拿着枪,望着不同的方向。在进城的那个路口,因为州长家和州办公场所就在那里,因此成了防守的重中之重。十字路口的4个方向都停着军用皮卡车,4个方向的街道两边也都站满了警察与士兵。这就是我们第一次实地看到的达尔富尔,一个强力维持下的和平的达尔富尔。亲历沙尘暴达尔富尔…     

Trade and Welfare Compensation: The Missing Links

This study uses theory from embedded liberalism to reorient the debate over efficiency versus compensation in the trade and welfare literature. We detail the causal mechanisms and provide empirical results that show how welfare spending can be a necessary condition to further trade liberalization. We argue that increases in welfare compensation lead to stronger public support for trade, which allows states to further advance along the path toward trade liberalization. Based on the 1995 and 2003 ISSP (International Social Survey Program) for 10 OECD countries, our multilevel statistical analyses (individual and country level) show that (1) workers in import-exposed sectors tend to strongly oppose trade, but this effect is substantially diminished when they receive unemployment compensation, and (2) public support for free trade is significantly associated with higher levels of trade openness.     

A Preliminary Study of the Reliability of Anatomical Facial Landmarks Used in Facial Comparison

Anatomical landmarks are considered the most objective indicators for use in forensic facial comparisons. Therefore, accurately identifying and locating these landmarks is the beginning of reliable facial comparison. This study evaluated the accuracy with which facial landmarks are located and examined their reliability according to type of landmark, head posture, and image quality. Nine operators located a series of landmarks on prepared facial images used to produce comparison images. Then, the average distances between the reciprocal landmarks (ADRL) on the reference and the comparison images were measured as indicators of landmark reliability. We found that a set of landmarks had higher or lower reliability as a function of the head angle and image quality. More reliable landmarks were associated with certain head postures and degrees of image quality. These should be used for facial comparison analysis depending on various head and image conditions.     

乡村振兴视域下南疆农村人居环境优化的路径探析——以喀什地区S县T乡为例

新疆南疆四地州是少数民族集中聚居的地区,也是我国“三区三州”深度贫困地区之一。近年来,南疆四地州在全力打赢脱贫攻坚战的同时,认真贯彻《自治区农村人居环境整治三年行动实施方案》,积极推进农村人居环境整治工作,取得了积极的成效,为美丽宜居乡村建设积累了经验,打下了基础。乡村振兴视域下南疆四地州建设“生态宜居”乡村,要牢固树立生态优先理念,合理规划村庄布局;推进农村基础设施建设,完善人居环境支撑;调动和激发村民参与生态宜居乡村建设的积极性和主动性;重视对地方民族传统文化的发掘利用;完善监督管理机制。     

欧洲煤钢联营及其对东北亚经济一体化的启示

在欧洲一体化的进程中 ,欧洲煤钢联营是最具有决定性意义的一步。从某种意义上说 ,欧洲一体化是以政治和军事需要开始的产业部门的联合 ,进而在其经验的基础上发展起来的全面联合。这一过程中 ,在机构、制度建设上 ,欧洲联邦主义人士的积极推动都起到了积极作用。展望东北亚区域经济合作 ,我们认为 ,为实现东北亚经济的一体化 ,在推进总体经济一体化的进程中 ,应同时考虑探索产业部门领域的联合。另外 ,为了东北亚经济一体化不致失败且长期发展 ,还应该建立超越各国利害关系的跨国性制度和机构 ,更重要的是还需要有一批为东北亚经济一体化而献身的人才。     

Sequences of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene are Suitable for Species Identification of Korean Calliphorinae Flies of Forensic Importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Abstract:  Calliphorinae fly species are important indicators of the postmortem interval especially during early spring and late fall in Korea. Although nucleotide sequences of various Calliphorinae fly species are available, there has been no research on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequences of Korean Calliphorinae flies. Here, we report the full-length sequences of the COI gene of four Calliphorinae fly species collected in Korea (five individuals of Calliphora vicina , five Calliphora lata , four Triceratopyga calliphoroides and three Aldrichina grahami ). Each COI gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced and the resulting nucleotide sequences were aligned and analyzed by MEGA4 software. The results indicate that COI nucleotide sequences can be used to distinguish between these four species. Our phylogenetic result coincides with recent taxonomic views on the subfamily Calliphorinae in that the genera Aldrichina and Triceratopyga are nested within the genus Calliphora .     

Direct and non-linear innovation effects of demographic shifts

A varied set of pressures drive organizational innovation. Among these pressures, demographic shifts seem to boost innovation, as the public sector responds to the arrival of migrants and to community changes in race and ethnic composition. However, we know little about innovation by governments in response to expected population decline. In particular, studies have under-examined how anticipated demographic pressures prompt public organizations to innovate. This study undertakes this task by arguing that innovation is more visible in municipalities facing greater anticipated demographic decline. However, we also argue for a non-linear relationship in which too strong and/or too weak expected demographic declines lead to less visible innovation (inverted U-shape effect). These propositions were tested with a data set of Japanese municipalities and employing a dose–response model. Findings show that anticipated demographic declines directly boost innovation visibility. However, too strong and/or too weak unexpected demographic declines make innovation less visible.