全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19398篇 |
免费 | 656篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 846篇 |
工人农民 | 807篇 |
世界政治 | 1375篇 |
外交国际关系 | 772篇 |
法律 | 11764篇 |
中国共产党 | 8篇 |
中国政治 | 187篇 |
政治理论 | 4095篇 |
综合类 | 205篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 262篇 |
2019年 | 329篇 |
2018年 | 422篇 |
2017年 | 491篇 |
2016年 | 492篇 |
2015年 | 358篇 |
2014年 | 382篇 |
2013年 | 2005篇 |
2012年 | 508篇 |
2011年 | 562篇 |
2010年 | 477篇 |
2009年 | 501篇 |
2008年 | 580篇 |
2007年 | 621篇 |
2006年 | 605篇 |
2005年 | 569篇 |
2004年 | 543篇 |
2003年 | 565篇 |
2002年 | 516篇 |
2001年 | 731篇 |
2000年 | 607篇 |
1999年 | 532篇 |
1998年 | 297篇 |
1997年 | 219篇 |
1996年 | 229篇 |
1995年 | 216篇 |
1994年 | 246篇 |
1993年 | 238篇 |
1992年 | 359篇 |
1991年 | 403篇 |
1990年 | 367篇 |
1989年 | 327篇 |
1988年 | 346篇 |
1987年 | 302篇 |
1986年 | 348篇 |
1985年 | 315篇 |
1984年 | 257篇 |
1983年 | 257篇 |
1982年 | 208篇 |
1981年 | 229篇 |
1980年 | 156篇 |
1979年 | 205篇 |
1978年 | 151篇 |
1977年 | 124篇 |
1976年 | 124篇 |
1975年 | 137篇 |
1974年 | 147篇 |
1973年 | 118篇 |
1972年 | 110篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
Boudewijn R. A. Bouckaert 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2007,23(2):169-195
This article explores the different and sometimes conflicting explanations of the success of the collective enterprises (town–village-enterprise) in China during the first phase of transition (1979–1995). It is argued that explanations, relying on cultural variables are not sustainable and this for two reasons. First, the importance of the collective enterprise is shrinking while the private sector is clearly on the rise. Second, other factors, referring to characteristics of the local and central political, administrative and economic environment, in which the Chinese enterprise has to (had to?) operate, provide for a sufficient explanation of the peculiar structure of the Chinese collective enterprises. These enterprises are seen as the result of ?bureau-preneurship’ because local bureaucrats were integrated in their management in order to pre-empt predatory behaviour and to facilitate the relationships with the central institutions. The article contributes to the property rights’ theory of the firm as it analyses an empirically very important case in which firms with unclear property rights and structures, apparently not conducive for incentives, might still be the most efficient option. 相似文献
42.
COMPSTAT, the latest innovation in American policing, has been widely heralded as a management and technological system whose elements work together to transform police organizations radically. Skeptical observers suggest that COMPSTAT merely reinforces existing structures and practices. However, in trying to assess how much COMPSTAT has altered police organizations, research has failed to provide a broader theoretical basis for explaining how COMPSTAT operates and for understanding the implications of this reform. This article compares two different perspectives on organizations—technical/rational and institutional—to COMPSTAT's adoption and operation in three municipal police departments. Based on fieldwork, our analysis suggests that relative to technical considerations for changing each organization to improve its effectiveness, all three sites adopted COMPSTAT in response to strong institutional pressures to appear progressive and successful. Furthermore, institutional theory better explained the nature of the changes we observed under COMPSTAT than the technical/rational model. The greatest collective emphasis was on those COMPSTAT elements that were most likely to confer legitimacy, and on implementing them in ways that would minimize disruption to existing organizational routines. COMPSTAT was less successful when trying to provide a basis for rigorously assessing organizational performance, and when trying to change those structures and routines widely accepted as being "appropriate." We posit that it will take profound changes in the technical and institutional environments of American police agencies for police departments to restructure in the ways anticipated by a technically efficient COMPSTAT. 相似文献
43.
44.
45.
46.
Serious conflicts can arise when contacts between a child and a parent require supervision unless specific guidelines and objectives are clarified for all involved parties. This article discusses supervision objectives, the importance of maintaining the parent-child relationship, instances warranting recommendation for no parental contact, qualifications of the supervisor, and practical guidelines for supervision. 相似文献
47.
Ross A. Thompson Mario J. Scalora Susan P. Limber Lynn Castrianno 《Family Court Review》1991,29(1):9-25
In recent years, legislators in all fifty states have given grandparents rights to petition for visitation privileges with grandchildren that can be enforced over parental objections. Grandparent visitation rights reflect an effort to protect meaningful relationships children enjoy with nonparental caregivers, enlist the assistance of extended family when the child's nuclear family is disrupted, and defend the interests of grandparents themselves. This psycholegal analysis explores the direct and indirect consequences of grandparent visitation statutes for family functioning. Statutory provisions are summarized, and the effects of these statutes are evaluated in light of what is known about the role of grandparents in child development, how courts evaluate children's "best interests" in grandparent visitation disputes, and how these statutes can alter family functioning in informal ways. The authors conclude that there are risks as well as benefits to children and families in grandparent visitation statutes, and suggest directions for procedural and statutory reform. 相似文献
48.
A. Bajt 《Economic Change and Restructuring》1991,24(1):1-12
Kornai's thesis that shortage results from demand expansions bred by the soft budget constraint, derives from his implicit assumption that price regimes of input and output firms are different. Since any firm is both an input and an output firm, which discards the assumption as logically untenable, excess demand can only turn up because of lower than contracted inputs of labor and management that are not offset by an adequate downward adjustment of earnings. Expansions of demand that appear to be autonomous, are incited by uncertain deliveries of inputs, that is, by inefficiency (of output firms) as well. A by far the largest part of excess demand can be explained by state preferences for fast growth. As planners are more successful in generating investment, and the ensuing consumer, demand than in expanding production, shortage is inevitable regardless of the character of the firms' budget constraints. 相似文献
49.
50.