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271.
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Angela Martin Crowly James Rauch Susanne Seagrave David A. Smith 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1998,33(2):30-57
For more than two decades, economists and sociologists have pursued parallel cross-national quantitative investigations of
the determinants of economic development. These investigations have proceeded in mutual ignorance despite the often large
overlap in statistical methods and data employed. Apparently contradictory findings have resulted, especially regarding the
impacts of international trade and foreign direct investment. We find that there are two factors that account for these inconsistent
results. One key factor is the use of different variables to measure international trade and investment, the choice of which
is in turn driven by underlying differences in theoretical motivations. A second important difference involves sociologists’
greater preoccupation with more complex multivariate models versus economists’ greater willingness to focus on individual
variables in multivariate regressions while viewing others as “controls.” A major finding of our survey is that when thesame variables are used, the results of economists and sociologists tend to be consistent, rather than contradictory (as might
have occurred, for example, because of the use of different samples of countries or time periods, or the use of other variables
included in the regression equations). We also consider some studies whose purviews go beyond economic growth to consider
factors such as income inequality, physical quality of life, demographic change, and basic needs provisioning.
Angela Martin Crowly is at the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92717. James
Rauch is at the department of Economics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.
Susanna Seagrave is at the U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C. 20548.
David A. Smith is at the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92717. 相似文献
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This paper is based on a study of apprenticeship, a long renowned institution for transferring technical know-how. Case studies
of apprenticeship led us to define know-how as: a commercially viable integration of proficient technique gained by practicing
the work process of an expert and contextual knowledge gained by observing and questioning other workers. One implication
of this definition is its stress on know-how transfer teams that consist of work process designers, practice tutors, and transfer
manager. A second implication calls for explicit planning of know-how adaptation when new technology makes work processes
obsolete. A final implication for researchers in technology transfer stresses the integration of individual know-how into
community systems that put technology to work. 相似文献
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James Gobert 《The Modern law review》2008,71(3):413-433
Despite a gestation period extending over thirteen years, the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 is a disappointment. It is limited in its scope, restricted in its range of potential defendants and regressive to the extent that, like the discredited identification doctrine before it, it allows its focus to be deflected from systemic fault to individual fault. As a result the Act may not curb the type of short-sighted risk management decisions that can lead to the deaths of innocent workers, consumers and members of the public. Further, by requiring DPP consent to prosecute, the Act threatens to entangle corporate manslaughter prosecutions in the political process to an unacceptable degree. Despite these weaknesses, the symbolic significance of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 may ultimately transcend its methodological deficiencies. 相似文献
279.
We examined whether eyewitness identification latencies for sequential line‐up decisions indicate an optimum time boundary that reliably discriminates accurate from inaccurate decisions. Participants (N = 381) observed a crime simulation and attempted two separate identifications from target‐present or target‐absent sequential line‐ups. As has previously been found with simultaneous line‐ups, the optimum time boundary identified did not reliably discriminate accurate from inaccurate identifications for both line‐up targets. Diagnosticity for choosers was, however, much higher at very high confidence levels than at lower levels. Possible reasons for why one index of signal strength (confidence), but not another (latency), might postdict accuracy within the sequential framework were presented. 相似文献
280.
Results from a study in Ohio, and replicated in six additionalstates, show public opinion toward state land use regulationto be aggregated around two major attitudes: the Environmentalistsstress the impact of negative developmental externalities andfavor broader review of land use decisions; the Localists areconcerned with accountability and local control of decision-making.An intensive analysis of the Ohio Land Use Work Group revealsthe policy-making elite in basic sympathy with the Environmentalists,but constrained by intra-agency rivalries and apprehensionsabout public reaction. Discussion focuses on the shifting publicconsensus toward greater land use control, and the implicationsfor state policy-making.
*Originally read at a meeting of the Midwest Political ScienceAssociation, Chicago, 1975. The authors gratefully acknowledgefinancial assistance from the Academy for Contemporary Problems,Columbus, Ohio, and from the Ohio Office of Budget and Management.Special appreciation is expressed to the Academy's president,Ralph R. Widner, and to Dean Clark and Paul Goesling who, atthe time of the study, were affiliated with OBM. Gratitude alsoto individuals who facilitated the national-regional interviewing:David Gillespie, Brij Khare, Michael Obrey, Michael Shay, JosephThomas, and Hugh Winebrenner. 相似文献