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101.
Wong Pak Nung 《Asian Journal of Political Science》2013,21(2):173-195
This article serves as a critique of a recent American foreign policy formulation proposing to eradicate ‘warlordism’ and asserting that democratic institutions can be directly created out of the post-eradication anarchic chaos. Against this background, recent years have indeed seen a bourgeoning literature on ‘warlord politics’ in Southeast Asia. The majority commonly portray political actors as faithful followers of economic rationality and self-interest. Therefore, most are conceived as selfish predators who ruthlessly use violence for private gains at the expense of public interest. By suggesting that comparative studies on warlordism have been heavily influenced by the political economy perspective, the article develops a more comprehensive analysis of warlord politics. Along the lines of patron–client network analysis, insights from moral economy and agency-structure sociological dualism are considered. Contrasting case studies are used to illustrate how the alleged warlords of Southeast Asia do not fit entirely into the political economy perspective. Caught in a vast patron–client network of competing interests and diverse powers across state and society, one's agency is constantly constituted by discursive arrays of contending interests, juxtaposing rationalities and multiple intentions. In state building, this complication is regarded as paradoxically necessary for compelling the alleged warlord-actor to re-define and elevate multiple private interests into public interest. 相似文献
102.
For the first time in 51 years of independence, Malaysia's ruling coalition Barisan Nasional (National Front, BN) under the weak leadership of Abdullah Badawi was denied its customary parliamentary two-third majority in the 2008 elections. The three major opposition parties, which formed the Pakatan Rakyat (The People's Alliance, PR) after the elections, increased the number of opposition-held state governments from one to five. The opposition had never held more than two state governments at any one time.1 For many practitioners and students of Malaysian politics, the 2008 poll means the birth of a long overdue ‘two-party system’, where two multi-ethnic coalitions contest for power and alternate in running the country. After all, two similar attempts to build a Malay-dominated second coalition to rival the ruling coalition dominated by the ethno-nationalist United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) were made in the 1990 and 1999 elections by former UMNO leaders who lost in their party in-fighting. Sadly, the coalitions built did not survive even the next elections. We argue that such optimism may be misplaced due to a failure to appreciate the ‘electoral one-party state’ nature of Malaysia.2 Despite having held 13 national elections without failure, and having almost no incidence of in- or post-election violence, neither a military coup nor ‘people's power’, Malaysia has never been anywhere close to being a ‘consolidated democracy’, 52 years after joining what Huntington called the second wave of democratization.3 For Linz and Stepan, a consolidated democracy requires not only a government with de facto authority to generate policy and exclusive de jure power, but also that ‘this government comes to power that is the direct result of a free and popular vote’. In other words, democracy has to become ‘the only game in town’.4 相似文献
103.
Wong Zoey Chen Afei Shen Chenrong Wu Dailong 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2022,55(4):2179-2213
Economic Change and Restructuring - High-speed rail (HSR) has been highly valued as an accelerator of green economic growth. However, the difficulty in financing caused by the high investment... 相似文献
104.
Banjar Ohud Ford-Gilboe Marilyn Wong Carol Befus Deanna Alilyyani Bayan 《Journal of family violence》2022,37(2):337-353
Journal of Family Violence - Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and symptoms have been identified as possible health consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, whether... 相似文献
105.
Linda Wong 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2008,67(1):89-96
This article examines third‐sector welfare homes for Chinese elderly and argues that four factors affect their survival and development prospects: the extent care establishments meet the needs of their users; how successfully they manage their human resources; whether they ensure their financial sustainability; and whether they satisfy the expectations of their investors. The data reveal that while care homes generally serve their customers well and maintain staff satisfaction, they encounter difficulties in financing and service operation that pose grave challenges to their investors. The resulting problems cast a shadow over the future prospects of old‐age care homes and raise questions concerning the state's non‐profit policy. 相似文献
106.
107.
Ever since xiao‐kang or XK, literally meaning a ‘relatively comfortable life’, was first slated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to be China's main development target, the concept has become a codeword for China's socio‐economic development. It was incorporated in several major Party documents and formally adopted as the key development target by three consecutive Five‐Year Plans. What is the real meaning of XK? This paper analyses China's first XK Index which was published in 1992, based on a cluster of economic and social indicators relating to income, food consumption, housing, and human resource development. It will be seen that XK is actually a normative concept, fuzzy and grossly imprecise, especially when applied to a transitional economy like China. What constitutes XK to Deng may well be perceived differently by the new generation of Chinese. Such is the continuing social challenge of China's economic development. 相似文献
108.
Bruce E. Moon Jennifer Harvey Birdsall Sylvia Ciesluk Lauren M. Garlett Joshua J. Hermias Elizabeth Mendenhall Patrick D. Schmid Wai Hong Wong 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2006,41(2):3-32
The measures of democracy commonly used in empirical research suffer notable limitations, primarily the exclusion of participation.
As a result, quantitative studies may undervalue the effect of democracy on important social outcomes or misinterpret the
aspect of democracy responsible for that effect. We respond by introducing and validating two variants of a new indicator,
the Participation Enhanced Polity Score (PEPS), which augments institutional factors with the breadth of citizen participation.
We demonstrate, using statistical evidence on democratic persistence, basic needs fulfillment, and gender equality, that no
measure of democracy can be considered an accurate representation of its basic character without directly including participation
as a core component.
Bruce E. Moon is professor of international relations at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He is the author ofThe Political Economy of Basic Human Needs (Cornell University Press. 1991) and two editions ofThe Dilemmas of International Trade (Westview Press, 1996, 2000).
Jennifer Harvey Birdsall is a researcher for a NGO in Geneva, Switzerland. She received her B.A. in international relations
and economics from Lehigh University and her M.S. in global affairs from Rutgers University-Newark.
Sylvia Ciesluk is pursuing an M.A. at the Fletcher School at Tufts University. She received her B.S. in economics from Lehigh
University.
Lauren M. Garlett is a geography teacher at Bellamy Middle School in Chicopee, Massachusetts. She received both her B.A in
international relations and her M.Ed. in secondary education from Lehigh University.
Joshua J. Hermias is associate director of the Global Young Leaders Conference in Washington, D.C. He received his B.A. in
economics from Lehigh University and his M.A. in international development from the University of East Anglia, Norwich, England.
Elizabeth Mendenhall is pursuing a Masters in International Affairs (MIA) in economic and political development at Columbia
University. She received a B.A. in international relations at Lehigh University.
Patrick D. Schmid is a Ph.D. candidate in computer science at Lehigh University. He received both his B.S. and M.S. in computer
science from Lehigh University.
Wai Hong Wong is a research associate at FactSet Research Systems. He received his B.A. in international relations and economics
at Lehigh University.
We are grateful for the helpful suggestions of Frank Davis, Bill Dixon, Chaim Kaufmann, Rajan Menon, Pamela Paxton, Larry
Taylor, and the anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
109.
Poh-Kam Wong 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2007,32(4):367-395
Since the late 1990s, the Singapore government had embarked on a significant push to develop the city-state into a major life-science
R&D and industrial cluster in Asia. Although a major focus of this new thrust involves attracting leading life science companies
overseas to establish operations in Singapore and developing new public life science research institutions to attract overseas
life science research talents (Finegold, Wong, and Cheah (2004)), the local universities are expected to play an important role as well. In particular, the National University of Singapore
(NUS), the leading university in Singapore, has also started to pursue major strategic change to become more “entrepreneurial”,
and identified life science as a major focus for technology commercialization as well. Adapting the “Triple-Helix” framework
of Etzkowitz, Webster, Gebhardt, & Terra (2000), this paper examines the significant changes in the university-government-industry “Triple-Helix” nexus for life science
in Singapore, and their consequent impact on life science commercialization at NUS. Implications for universities in other
late-comer countries seeking to catch up in the global biotech race are discussed.
相似文献
110.