Florian Justwan  Sarah K. Fisher 《国际相互影响》2017,43(5):717-743

What determines the success of a peaceful settlement attempt of a border dispute? In order to fully understand why decision makers choose to put an end to an ongoing conflict, it is necessary to consider the social trust levels of the general populations in both states. International conflict settlement requires public support at the domestic level. If a state’s general population perceives the potential dangers of a settlement as too severe, the conclusion of a peace agreement will be difficult. We argue that high levels of social trust allow citizens (1) to favor more conciliatory foreign policies and (2) to be more optimistic about the future behavior of other states. In democratic settings, these public attitudes serve as powerful constraints for decision makers. As a result, high aggregate levels of social trust should be directly related to concession-granting behavior by democracies as well as effective dispute settlement among jointly democratic dyads. We test these expectations with a new aggregate-level measure of social trust and find mixed support for our hypotheses: While trust does not influence the behavior of challenger states, it does have strong effects on democratic target states and jointly democratic dyads.  相似文献   

    

Zeki Dulkadir M.D.  Arvind K. Chaturvedi Ph.D.  Kristi J. Craft A.A.S.  Jeffery S. Hickerson B.S.  Kacey D. Cliburn M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(1):164-168

Prevalence of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) has not been explored in pilots. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) aviation accident and the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) toxicology and medical certification databases were searched for pilots fatally injured in aviation accidents. During 1990–2012, CAMI received bio‐samples of pilots from 7037 aviation accidents. Of these, 2644 cases were positive for drugs. TCAs were present in 31. TCA blood concentrations ranged from therapeutic to toxic levels. The NTSB determined that the use of drugs and ethanol as the probable cause or contributing factor in 35% (11 of 31) of the accidents. None of the 31 pilots reported the use of TCAs during their aviation medical examination. The prevalence of TCAs in aviators was less than 0.5% (31 of 7037 cases). There is a need for aviators to fully disclose the use of medications at the time of their medical examination.  相似文献   

    

Maria‐Valeria Karakasi M.D.  Maria Markopoulou M.D.  Ioannis K. Tentes B.Sc.  M.Sc.  Ph.D.  Panagiotis N. Tsikouras M.D.  Ph.D.  Epameinondas Vasilikos M.D.  Pavlos Pavlidis M.D.  Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(4):1097-1106

Peripartum psychosis is a rare but serious psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of a mood episode with psychotic features. Although controversy surrounds the nosological status of peripartum mental disorders, these conditions continue to be of exceptional interest to the medical and forensic mental health communities. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of prepartum psychosis which escalated to the endpoint of neonaticide and summarize literature on peripartum mental disorders and infanticide. A 30‐year‐old mother murdered her newborn with the spike of her serum delivery system and planned to commit suicide while in hospital after hallucinating due to an acute puerperal psychotic disorder with a prepartum onset and postpartum deterioration. Her disorder was not managed until neonaticide. Throughout this paper, the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for the optimal management of these incidents is highlighted and diagnostic as well as therapeutic issues are addressed.  相似文献   

    

Lucia Manzi  Matthew E.K. Hall 《Law & society review》2017,51(3):704-734

How do interest groups influence U.S. Supreme Court justices to vote in favor of their preferred outcomes? Following prior research on the influence of the Solicitor General, we develop and expand on the signaling theory of interest group influence via amicus curie briefs. We argue that an interest group's ideological reputation and the nature of the ideological signal it sends in its brief both function as powerful heuristics that convey information to the justices depending on the justices' own ideological preferences. When an organization files an amicus brief advocating for an outcome seemingly contrary to its traditional preferences (i.e., an unexpected signal), this signal should be more noticeable and credible than a signal in accordance with a group's conventional views (i.e., an expected signal). However, unexpected signals should have greater influence on justices who share the brief filer's preferences. We test our signaling theory on the terms from 1991 through 2002. We find that unexpected signals (but not expected signals) are associated with Supreme Court voting, and the influence of unexpected signals appears to be particularly strong among justices who share the ideological preferences of the brief filer.  相似文献   

    

Elizabeth K. Drake  Danielle Fumia 《犯罪学与公共政策》2017,16(2):549-561

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Dlip K. Das 《Police Practice and Research》2017,18(4):337-338

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Dilip K. Das 《Police Practice and Research》2017,18(3):211-213

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Naval Garg;B. K. Punia; 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2024,24(3):e2934

The present study reviewed gratitude at work articles published in Scopus database using bibliometric analysis to examine growth in gratitude at work publications and citations, most cited publications, most influential authors, articles, publishers, universities and countries. The extracted data were analysed and visualised with the help of two analytical tools, that is, the Scopus analysis and VOSviewer (version 1.6.16). It identified 273 publications referring to gratitude at work in title, abstract, or keywords. The keyword co-occurrence highlighted four major clusters of workplace gratitude research: Psychological studies, Customer relationship management, Employees, and Ethics and spirituality.  相似文献   

    

Loch K. Johnson  Mark Phythian 《Intelligence & National Security》2017,32(2)

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Sarah B. K. von Billerbeck 《Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding》2017,11(3):286-305

ABSTRACT

Analyses of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping increasingly consider legitimacy a key factor for success, conceiving of it as a resource that operations should seek and use in the pursuit of their goals. However, these analyses rarely break down legitimacy by source. Because the UN is an organization with multiple identities and duties however, different legitimacy sources – in particular output and procedural legitimacy – and the UN’s corresponding legitimation practices come into conflict in the context of peacekeeping. Drawing on a range of examples and the specific case of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), this article argues that looking at different legitimacy sources and linking them to the institutional identity of the UN is thus critical, and it shows how the UN’s contradictory legitimation practices can reduce overall legitimacy perceptions.  相似文献