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31.
Despite the increase in the number of females incarcerated, there is a paucity of research concerning female life-sentenced inmates in the United States. Using a nationally representative data set containing the largest known sample of this population, the present research examines the pre-incarceration traumatic experiences of female life-sentenced inmates. The results indicate that these women are more likely to experience traumatic events, in particular abuse, than either male life-sentenced inmates or female inmates in general. Logistic regression analyses reveal a significant association between abuse and a life sentence in both gender-specific models. 相似文献
32.
Jean-Pierre Cabestan 《Cambridge Review of International Affairs》2002,15(1):95-103
The United States, the third actor in what is still too often perceived as a bilateral and 'internal' dispute, will likely continue to prevent the direst of scenarios from taking place in cross-Strait relations: Taiwan independence, Taiwan's forced absorption by China, or even war. This outside constraint as well as the rapid development of multiple relations across the Strait hopefully will narrow the options available to Beijing and Taipei in the future. Nevertheless, while economic integration and cultural affinities may ease the development of a form of political integration, a formal unification that would solve the sovereignty issue and result in the dissolution of the Republic of China seems unlikely, even after the People's Republic of China democratises. More likely, a particular formula recognising that Taiwan is part of China but not 'mainland China' may be worked out by the two governments when Beijing eventually finds it to be both an interest and politically acceptable to formalise the 'integration without reunification' situation. 相似文献
33.
34.
This article examines community perceptions about the legalization of prostitution in a large southern community. The authors
utilized a random digit dialing technique to develop a representative sample consisting of 850 respondents.
In addition, the authors interviewed prostitutes to determine their perceptions about how they helped individuals and society.
Themes were developed from the personal accounts of the prostitutes and presented to the public to assess their feelings regarding
whether or not prostitution is beneficial in certain instances.
One of the major findings of the study was that 32% of the community members interviewed believed that prostitution should
be legalized. This finding led the authors to discuss policy implications in the last section of the article. 相似文献
35.
36.
During the past two decades, a major area of debate has been about the meaning and consequences of the community corrections movement that has now evolved into intermediate punishment. A question underlying this debate is whether or not this movement accomplishes its expressed purpose of reducing reliance on prisons by redistributing control into the community or merely extends community control without altering previous reliance on prisons. This study assesses Florida's intermediate punishment strategy of home confinement. Data from observations of program practices and interviews with home confinement officers, offenders on the program and various family members living in the home address the operational features of the program. Pre and post program statistics (1980–1987) on state population, felony convictions and forms of correctional sanctions explore the program's impact upon the state's characteristic sanctioning trends. The findings provide no support that home confinement has reduced Florida's reliance on prisons. Specifically, throughout the decade of the 1980s, and despite the operation of a home confinement program that has involved over 100,000 offenders, Florida's use of prisons experienced major increases disproportionate to the state's population, and conviction increases. The paper concludes with discussion of ironies associated with correctional reforms and related empirical and theoretical implications. 相似文献
37.
Wm. Reed Benedict Lin Huff-Corzine Jay Corzine 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1998,22(2):169-187
The central question we address in this article is whether participation in court-ordered drug treatment programs reduces
future criminal involvement among convicted property offenders who have a history of drug abuse. Using a national sample of
male property offenders sentenced to felony probation, we analyze drug treatment experience on probationers’ recidivism rates
by employing proportional hazards techniques. Results indicate that how successful white men are in completing courtordered
drug treatment programs has no significant effect on their recidivism rates. However, AfricanAmerican and Hispanic men who
satisfy the expectations of their drug treatment programs are significantly less likely to be rearrested. Overall, our findings
support the contention that drug treatment reduces further criminal behavior among men on probation for felony property offenses.
Thus, we recommend that court service personnel strive to provide drug treatment programs for property offenders with a history
of drug abuse and that supervisors closely monitor probationers’ activities while in treatment to assure lower rates of recidivism.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Sociological Society in Chicago in April
1996. 相似文献
38.
39.
Matthew Reed 《New Political Science》2013,35(3):443-452
ABSTRACTThe transformation of the state in the neoliberal era has characterized the debate in international/comparative political economy and political science scholarship. Many of such accounts, however, often assume a static and reified vision of the state. In contrast, this study, by focusing on the dimension of political agency in the state, provides for a qualitative analysis of the transformations of the Italian state during the consolidation of neoliberalism (1988–2009). Through a Critical Discourse Analysis of the political economy of Italian governments, the article tests two main hypotheses. First, similar discursive strategies of legitimation of neoliberal reforms and permanent austerity are found across the party-system. Second, these strategies occur, with no significant variations, throughout the period considered by our study. The aims of the article are three. First, to emphasize the relevance of political agency in the state to the imposition of neoliberalization; second, to explore how the neoliberal idea of state is redefined within a constellation of collateral discursive strategies; third, to emphasize the importance of the analysis of context-based discursive strategies of neoliberalization. While the empirical analysis confirms the cross-party and longitudinal extension of neoliberal political economy, the conclusions discuss the relevance of these findings to understand contemporary democratic crisis. 相似文献
40.
Mick Reed 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(1):78-99
Small‐scale family‐based agricultural production was a common feature of rural England before the First World War. These producers were distinct from capitalist farmers in that labour was not normally employed, and surplus value was therefore not appropriated by the farmer. These people have been largely ignored by historians of rural England on the assumption that they were either numerically insignificant or were unimportant. The first of these assumptions is unsustainable and the second is unsubstantiated. In order to examine these people within a developed capitalist economy, concepts developed by students of the peasantry are likely to be of value, and a plea is made for studies of rural England based on class analyses, and including all of the various groups in the English countryside. 相似文献