医疗物品致人损害责任的举证制度研究

医疗物品致人损害责任是医疗损害责任的一种特殊形式,同时又具有产品责任的某些特点。对外,药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械致损的归责原则是无过错原则;而血液致损的归责原则是过错原则。对内,医疗机构承担的是无过错责任,因此在无过错时有权向最终的责任主体追偿。医疗物品责任实行的是谁主张,谁举证的归责原则,因此受损害方承担了证明医疗损害责任三个构成要件的证明责任;而医疗产品生产商和医疗机构都可以通过举证《产品质量法》规定的法定情况的存在而免责,但医疗机构不得对未投入流通这一情况而免责,血液提供机构承担了证明自己不存在过错的举证责任。为了更好的平衡举证责任和举证能力,我国应该对与证据价值密切相关的两个制度证据保全和医疗鉴定予以完善。     

论民事执行当事人变化的程序构建

民事执行当事人变化的主体范围由生效法律文书执行力扩张的主观范围决定,一般应当包括生效法律文书没有载明的五种主体。民事执行当事人变化程序应当依申请而启动,执行机关不得依职权启动该程序,债务人也不得申请变更或者追加其他主体为执行债务人。对于民事执行当事人变化事由,应当通过言词辩论的方式,由合议庭进行审查并作出裁判。应当完善执行当事人变化的事后救济机制,建立异议之诉和许可执行之诉,确保民事执行当事人变化的程序正当性。     

英美法国家科学证据的历史沿革评述

从18世纪到20世纪,英美法国家有关科学证据的法庭运用,所表明的基本思想是,将科学证据评价的事实问题,通过三种方法转化为法律问题,以此保证法官在科学证据评价中承担更多的审查义务,以减少陪审团在科学证据判断上出错的可能性。这三种法律转化方法分别是,专家资格审查、专家证言的形式审查、专家证言的实质审查。这在20世纪的美国审判中,表现得更为突出。     

Article 81 is a defence to a plea of trade mark infringement

The Court of Appeal in Sportswear considered the interactionbetween the EU principle of free movement of goods and respectfor trade marks rights. In overturning the decision of Mr JusticeWarren to strike out an Article 81 defence to trade mark infringement,the court found that there was a sufficient nexus between theArticle 81 defence and the trade mark infringement claim.     

Discovering Directions for Change in Higher Education Through the Experiences of Senior Women Faculty

The Women in Science and Engineering Leadership Institute (WISELI) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, an NSF-funded ADVANCE Institutional Transformation project, employed the “discovery interviews” method to characterize the experiences of senior women faculty in science and engineering on campus. This method allowed WISELI to reach its aims of (1) gaining information from senior women that would inform the programs developed by WISELI, and (2) building relationships among the senior women and WISELI. The discovery interview process also had some unintended consequences, including creation of an expectation of advocacy that exceeded the original intent of the project. This method was well-matched to the needs of WISELI as a change agent at the UW-Madison, and has contributed a great deal to its Institutional Transformation efforts, primarily by changing WISELI’s perceptions of what leadership means to senior women faculty.     

Victims With Voices: How Abused Women Conceptualize the Problem of Spousal Abuse and Implications for Intervention and Prevention

Working from the conceptualization of abused women as both victims of and experts on spousal abuse, this study compares how women who have been abused, and how men and women with either less direct or no experience with spousal abuse, understand the problem and their beliefs about how it should be addressed. Results of a telephone survey of Philadelphia adults (N = 1,850) indicate that although in many ways abused women's opinions regarding domestic violence do not differ from those of nonabused women, abused women are more likely to believe that society gives tacit consent to abusive behavior through its silence and that talking openly about the problem will make it easier to solve. These findings suggest that initiatives aimed at changing the social norm around domestic violence may assist in both intervention and prevention efforts.     

医事法论纲

鉴于医事法律立法的迟滞和理论研究的欠缺 ,应开辟独立的医事法研究领域。医事法具有三个特点 :( 1)缺乏完整的医事法典 ;( 2 )主要内容包括医事主体法、医事行为法 (含医事程序法 )和医事社会法三个方面 ;( 3 )医事法律关系中双方主体权利义务的不完全对等。医事法还具有三条基本原则 ,即先导义务原则 ;最少损害原则 ;生命伦理原则。     

论医疗事故及医疗事故技术鉴定结论的性质

医疗事故纠纷成为近年来的热点问题。要很好的处理医疗纠纷 ,制订出切实、可行的法规 ,必须明确医疗事故的法律性质和医疗事故技术鉴定委员会做出的鉴定结论的性质。笔者认为 ,造成医疗事故的不当医疗行为符合侵权行为的构成要件 ,因此 ,应是侵权行为。相应的 ,医疗机构对病员应予赔偿 ,而非补偿。目前的医疗事故鉴定体制存在着很多弊端。对于鉴定结论的性质 ,笔者认为 ,从证据规则的原理和民事诉讼法、行政诉讼法的规定看 ,它应是卫生行政机关和法院处理医疗纠纷的证据 ,而非依据。卫生行政机关和法院可审查其证明力 ,决定是否适用。这样才有利于做出正确裁判。此外 ,还应采取有力措施保障病员及其家属的知情权。     

公诉权滥用论

在当下我国强化检察监督的背景下,应当对公诉权滥用的问题予以关注和研究。实践中,不该起诉而起诉、随意变更公诉、恣意重新起诉是公诉权滥用的主要形态。对公诉权滥用的成因需要进行深入的语境化分析,相应地构建庭前起诉审查程序、引入刑事诉因制度、实现撤回起诉规范化、不起诉后再诉的规范化、再审抗诉规范化、司法管理现代化以及将法官职务犯罪的侦查权从检察权中剥离,以防范公诉权的滥用。