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71.
72.
Alex R. Piquero Wesley G. Jennings David P. Farrington Brie Diamond Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2016,12(2):249-264
Objective
To update Piquero et al.’s (Justice Quarterly 27:803–834, 2010) meta-analysis on early self-control improvement programs.Methods
Screening of eligible studies was carried out for the period between January 2010 and September 2015. An additional seven studies were identified, which were added to the original database of 34 studies, totaling an overall sample of 41 eligible studies. A random effects model was used to obtain an overall mean effect size estimate. Additional analyses were performed to assess publication bias and moderation.Results
Overall average, positive, and significant effect sizes were observed for improving self-control (0.32) and reducing delinquency (0.27). There was evidence of publication bias for the self-control improvement outcomes, as well as some evidence of moderation for both self-control improvement and delinquency outcomes.Conclusions
Early self-control improvement programs are an effective evidence-based strategy for improving self-control and reducing delinquency.73.
Alex R. Piquero Wesley G. Jennings Brie Diamond David P. Farrington Richard E. Tremblay Brandon C. Welsh Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2016,12(2):229-248
Objective
To update Piquero et al.’s meta-analysis on early family/parent training programs.Methods
Screening of eligible studies was carried out for the period between January 2008 and August 2015. An additional 23 studies were identified, which were added to the original database of 55 studies, totaling an overall sample of 78 eligible studies. A random-effects model was used to obtain an overall mean effect size estimate. Additional analyses were performed to assess publication bias and moderation.Results
An overall average, positive, and significant effect size of 0.37 was calculated, which corresponds to 32 out of 100 in a treated group versus 50 out of 100 in a control group who offended. There was some evidence of publication bias and moderation.Conclusions
Early family/parent training programs are an effective evidence-based strategy for preventing antisocial behavior and delinquency.74.
Wesley G. Jennings John K. Cochran Caitlyn N. Meade M. Dwayne Smith Sondra J. Fogel Beth Bjerregaard 《Women & Criminal Justice》2017,27(3):139-150
It was not too many decades ago that rape was a crime for which the death penalty was a permissible punishment in the United States, particularly in death penalty states in the South. Relatedly, historical and contemporary death penalty research almost always focuses on the role of the race of the defendant and, more recently, the race of the victim and defendant–victim racial dyads as being relevant factors in death penalty decision making. As such, the current study employs data from official court records for the population of capital trials (n = 954) in the state of North Carolina (1977–2009) to evaluate the effect of the rape/sexual assault statutory aggravating factor on jurors’ decision to recommend the death penalty. Results suggest that cases in which rape is an aggravating factor had a significantly greater odds of receiving a death penalty recommendation, and these results are robust after also considering the independent effects of defendant–victim racial dyads, even following the application of propensity score matching to equate cases on a host of defendant and victim characteristics, legal and extralegal confounders, and case characteristics. Study limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
75.
76.
Mark A. Cohen Alex R. Piquero Wesley G. Jennings 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2010,35(3):159-172
Research on criminal careers has examined distinct longitudinal patterns of offending across unique trajectories of offenders
and a recent study has linked the costs of criminal offending imposed by these unique trajectories, with a specific focus
on chronic offenders. In this study, we use longitudinal data from the Second Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study to examine the
extent to which the monetary costs of crime across distinct trajectories of crime vary across both gender and ethnicity. Results
indicate that male adolescent-peaked and low and high-rate chronic offending impose substantial costs, and the average costs
imposed on society by one male high-rate chronic offender is greater than 1.5 million. Although female chronic offending is rarer, these female offenders still impose greater than1.5 million. Although female chronic offending
is rarer, these female offenders still impose greater than 750,000 in costs on average. African-American chronic-offending
costs the most of any racial/ethnic trajectory group at greater than 1.6 million on average for each chronic offender. Hispanic chronic offending on average costs slightly more than1.6 million on average for each chronic offender. Hispanic
chronic offending on average costs slightly more than 200,000, and low-rate White offending costs greater than $100,000 on
average. Costs also appear to peak at different ages for males and females and for African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites.
Policy implications and study limitations are also discussed. 相似文献
77.
Alex R. Piquero David P. Farrington Brandon C. Welsh Richard Tremblay Wesley G. Jennings 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2009,5(2):83-120
Based on evidence that early antisocial behavior is a key risk factor for delinquency and crime throughout the life course,
early family/parent training, among its many functions, has been advanced as an important intervention/prevention effort.
There are several theories concerning why early family/parent training may cause a reduction in child behavior problems including
antisocial behavior and delinquency (and have other ancillary benefits in non-crime domains over the life course). The prevention
of behavior problems is one of the many objectives of early family/parent training, and it comprises the main focus of this
review. Results indicate that early family/parent training is an effective intervention for reducing behavior problems among
young children, and the weighted effect size was 0.35. The results from a series of analog to the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
and weighted least squares regression models (with random effects) demonstrated that there were significant differences in
the effect sizes of studies conducted in the USA versus those conducted in other countries and that studies that were based
on samples smaller than 100 children had larger effect sizes. Sample size was also the strongest predictor of the variation
in the effect sizes. Additional evidence indicated that early family/parent training was also effective in reducing delinquency
and crime in later adolescence and adulthood. Overall, the findings lend support for the continued use of early family/parent
training to prevent behavior problems. Future research should test the main theories of early family/parent training and detail
more explicitly the causal mechanisms by which early family/parent training reduces delinquency and crime, and future evaluations
should employ high quality designs with long-term follow-ups, including repeated measures of antisocial behavior, delinquency,
and crime over the life course.
Alex R. Piquero is Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park, USA, Co-Editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Executive Counselor with the American Society of Criminology. His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. He is the recipient of several teaching, research, and mentoring awards. David P. Farrington is Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University, UK. His major research interests are in developmental criminology and delinquency prevention, and he has completed a number of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of criminological interventions. Brandon C. Welsh, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor in the College of Criminal Justice at Northeastern University, USA. He is an author or editor of seven books, including Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions (Oxford University Press, 2007) and Preventing Crime: What Works for Children, Offenders, Victims, and Places (Springer, 2006). Richard E. Tremblay is Canada Research Chair in Child Development, Professor of Pediatrics/Psychiatry/Psychology, and Director of the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, Canada. Since the early 1980s he has been conducting a program of longitudinal and experimental studies, focusing on the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from conception onward, in order to gain a better understanding of the development and prevention of antisocial and violent behavior. Director of the Centre of Excellence for Early Child Development, he is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Molson Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Wesley G. Jennings, Ph.D is an assistant professor in the Department of Justice Administration at the University of Louisville, USA, and holds a Ph.D. in criminology from the University of Florida. His recent interests are primarily in the application of semi-parametric group-based modeling techniques to study behavioral trajectories over time. Some of his recent publications have appeared in Justice Quarterly, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Journal of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Public Policy, Deviant Behavior, and the Journal of Drug Issues. 相似文献
Alex R. PiqueroEmail: |
Alex R. Piquero is Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park, USA, Co-Editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Executive Counselor with the American Society of Criminology. His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. He is the recipient of several teaching, research, and mentoring awards. David P. Farrington is Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University, UK. His major research interests are in developmental criminology and delinquency prevention, and he has completed a number of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of criminological interventions. Brandon C. Welsh, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor in the College of Criminal Justice at Northeastern University, USA. He is an author or editor of seven books, including Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions (Oxford University Press, 2007) and Preventing Crime: What Works for Children, Offenders, Victims, and Places (Springer, 2006). Richard E. Tremblay is Canada Research Chair in Child Development, Professor of Pediatrics/Psychiatry/Psychology, and Director of the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, Canada. Since the early 1980s he has been conducting a program of longitudinal and experimental studies, focusing on the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from conception onward, in order to gain a better understanding of the development and prevention of antisocial and violent behavior. Director of the Centre of Excellence for Early Child Development, he is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Molson Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Wesley G. Jennings, Ph.D is an assistant professor in the Department of Justice Administration at the University of Louisville, USA, and holds a Ph.D. in criminology from the University of Florida. His recent interests are primarily in the application of semi-parametric group-based modeling techniques to study behavioral trajectories over time. Some of his recent publications have appeared in Justice Quarterly, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Journal of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Public Policy, Deviant Behavior, and the Journal of Drug Issues. 相似文献
78.
This article makes the case that feedback processes in democratic politics—between crime rates, public opinion, and public policy—can account for the growth of penal populism in Britain. It argues that the public recognize and respond to rising (and falling) levels of crime, and that in turn public support for being tough on crime is translated into patterns of imprisonment. This contributes to debates over the crime–opinion–policy connection, unpacking the dynamic processes by which these relationships unfold at the aggregate level. This uses the most extensive data set ever assembled on aggregate opinion on crime in Britain to construct a new over‐time measure of punitive attitudes. The analysis first tests the thermostatic responsiveness of punitive attitudes to changes in recorded crime rates as well as self‐reported victimization, and then examines the degree to which changes in mass opinion impact on criminal justice policy. 相似文献
79.
Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina Wesley G. Jennings Kelli A. Komro 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):1012-1026
Several studies have investigated factors associated with physical aggression during adolescence. Yet, little is known about
the longitudinal relationship between drug use, particularly alcohol use, and physical aggression among minority youth. The
present study examined the effects of alcohol and substance use at age 11 on trajectories of physical aggression over time
(ages 12–14) among urban adolescents from Chicago, IL. Data from the Project Northland Chicago (n = 3038, 49.4% female) was used. The current study sample included 1,160 Black, 1,015 Hispanic and 863 White/other adolescents
for a total of 3,038 adolescents. Four trajectories of physical aggression were identified: Non-aggressive (16%), Desistors
(9%), Escalators (20%) and Chronic Aggressive (55%). After adjusting for physical aggression behaviors, delinquent friends,
lack of supervised time, demographic variables, smoking and marijuana use, past year alcohol users at age 11 were 2.1 times
more likely to be “Escalators” and 1.9 times more likely to be in the “Chronic Aggressive” group. Gender and ethnic differences
were also observed in the trajectories of physical aggression. Black youth were 2.5 times more likely to be in the “Chronic
Aggressive” group. Findings highlight the importance of targeting alcohol prevention to reduce physical aggression among urban
young adolescents. 相似文献
80.