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361.
The failure of the UK government to deal expeditiously withan application to recover copyright royalties to which a formerstate employee turned spy was entitled constituted a violationof the human right to be tried in a reasonable time-frame. 相似文献
362.
Kevin P. Weinfurt Ph.D. Joëlle Y. Friedman M.P.A. Michaela A. Dinan B.S. Jennifer S. Allsbrook B.S.P.H. Mark A. Hall J.D. Jatinder K. Dhillon B.S.P.H. Jeremy Sugarman M.D. M.P.H. M.A. 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2006,34(3):581-591
Strategies for disclosing investigators' financial interests to potential research participants have been adopted by many research institutions. However, little is known about how decisions are made regarding disclosures of financial interests to potential research participants, including what is disclosed and the rationale for making these determinations. We sought to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of institutional review board chairs, conflict of interest committee chairs, and investigators regarding disclosure of financial interests to potential research participants. Several themes emerged, including general attitudes toward conflicts of interest, circumstances in which financial interests should be disclosed, rationales and benefits of disclosure, what should be disclosed, negative effects of and barriers to disclosure, and timing and presentation of disclosure. Respondents cited several rationales for disclosure, including enabling informed decision making, promoting trust in researchers and research institutions, and reducing legal liability. There was general agreement that disclosure should happen early in the consent process. Respondents disagreed about whether to disclose the amounts of particular financial interests. Clarifying the goals of disclosure and understanding how potential research participants use the information will be critical in efforts to ensure the integrity of clinical research and to protect the rights and interests of participants. 相似文献
363.
Conducting an online search in late March 2006, an internetuser who keyed in the curious word MMORPG wouldhave received more than 22 million hits. This confirms the growingsuspicion that MMORPGs are a phenomenon that is of increasingsocial, cultural, and economic significance and that, therefore,they will soon be creating fresh problems for intellectual propertylaw. MMORPGs (massively multiplayer online role-playing 相似文献
364.
Some words occur to us in pairs, often to the extent that wefind it difficult to hear the one without recalling the other.Thus Romeo suggests Juliet; Anthonyinvokes Cleopatra; Héloïsefollows Abélard and so on. Many furtherexamples exist, particularly in the case of lovers. In intellectual property circles the concepts of authorand royalties are also closely linkedbuttheir relationship is strained. While the author's love forroyalties is sincere and undiminished 相似文献
365.
Jeremy Joseph 《Negotiation Journal》2007,23(3):219-248
When an Iraqi noncombatant civilian is killed in the crossfire between the U.S. military and insurgents, the victim's family can apply for a "condolence payment" of up to $2,500 as a token of condolence and sympathy. As the process currently stands, the family member is handed a sum of money by U.S. personnel and ushered out the door. In this model, money equals apology. In this article, the author argues that the efficacy and efficiency of the current condolence payment program could be greatly increased by adding Arab-Muslim mediation techniques tailored to Iraqi culture. Mediation would fill a gap in the current program to help foster a constructive, stabilizing dialogue between the U.S. military and aggrieved Iraqi civilians. The author believes that with each positive, mediated interaction — each reconciliative engagement between an aggrieved Iraqi civilian, a mediator, and a U.S. military representative — the U.S. military can prevent today's aggrieved Iraqi parent, sibling, or child from becoming tomorrow's insurgent.
This article was written with two goals. The implementation of a mediated condolence payment program, even on a limited or pilot basis, would likely increase the chances of American success in Iraq and improve the daily lives of Iraqi civilians. If it is not possible to implement such a program in Iraq before American involvement there ends, then it may still have value as an important component of the post-conflict nation-building playbook of the U.S. and other foreign forces. 相似文献
This article was written with two goals. The implementation of a mediated condolence payment program, even on a limited or pilot basis, would likely increase the chances of American success in Iraq and improve the daily lives of Iraqi civilians. If it is not possible to implement such a program in Iraq before American involvement there ends, then it may still have value as an important component of the post-conflict nation-building playbook of the U.S. and other foreign forces. 相似文献
366.
In this article, we address two main questions. First, we ask whether the alleged shift in the Commission's environmental 'policy style' from a traditional regulatory style towards a new style based on less impositional, more market-based and co-operative instruments has actually occurred in practice. We seek to answer this question (a) by employing content analysis to assess the policy instruments propagated by the Commission in both the Fourth and Fifth Environmental Action Programmes (EAP); and (b) by analysing legislative proposals introduced by the Commission in designated environmental policy fields (atmospheric pollution, waste, water). On the basis of the findings we argue that there is a discrepancy between what the Commission declares in the EAPs and what it proposes in practice. Moreover, in a second step, we highlight the factors which might make any major shift in the Commission's policy style difficult to achieve in order to account for this discrepancy. 相似文献
367.
The 2007 Formula One motor racing championship finished on acontroversial note. The drivers' title was taken by the Ferrariteam's Kimi Raikkonen following his victory in the final racein Brazil. Runner up in the drivers' competition by just onepoint was McLaren's Lewis Hamilton, who finished seventh. Itthen transpired that cars driven by three drivers who finishedahead of Hamilton had gained the advantage of super-cooled fuel,contrary to Formula One rules. Race stewards 相似文献
368.
Jeremy Firestone 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2002,21(3):409-426
Administrative agencies seeking to impose sanctions for regulatory violations can handle matters internally or through civil or criminal courts. Organizational culture, legal constraints, and political and private actors may influence governance and hence choice of enforcement venue. An enforcement behavior model is constructed and tested empirically using a 1990–1997 sample of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air, water, and hazardous waste penalty cases involving individuals. While EPA's enforcement arm embraces the mission of its regulatory arm—minimizing environmental harm—in part, it also has attributes of a police and prosecution force—specifically deterring (and maximizing social welfare) or incapacitating individual violators. Nevertheless, EPA may fail to minimize violations of and generally deter non‐culpable individuals who are affiliated with large firms. © 2002 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
369.
370.
An application to register as a Community trade mark the wordsCARGO PARTNER in respect of the transport, packaging, and storageof goods failed for lack of distinctive character. 相似文献