Democratization and women’s representation in presidential cabinets: evidence from East and Southeast Asia

This article examines patterns of women’s cabinet representation across all presidential democracies in East and Southeast Asia since democratization. It demonstrates how the choice of female ministers differs across career backgrounds in presidential systems and further examines why young presidential systems in Asia are conducive to women’s access to ministerial power through professional career tracks. We argue that despite women’s successful performance in national legislative elections, women have been restricted to access the power resources necessary to target other political goals, such as cabinet positions, whereas democratic transition has provided broader avenues for women to emerge as professionals outside party politics. By analyzing original data on female ministers in East and Southeast Asia, the study finds that the share of women among professional ministers has increased over time, but women’s share among political ministers has not changed significantly. Additionally, the different qualifications of female politicians and professionals also make them eligible for appointment to different types of policy areas in terms of prestige and gender. Our analysis suggests that women’s cabinet representation has improved overall since democratic transition in Asia, but this improvement disguises contrasting outcomes in women’s cabinet status according to their career backgrounds.     

Temporary Loan Limits as a Natural Experiment in Federal Housing Administration Insurance

The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 dramatically but temporarily increased the mortgage loan amount eligible for insurance through the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). We use the implementation and expiration of these loan limits as a source of exogenous variation in the availability of FHA insurance to measure the impact on the overall mortgage market and conventional lending. We find that the introduction of higher loan limits increased the number of loan originations, but that the expiration of those loan limits roughly 6 years later did not significantly decrease affected loan originations. The substitution between loan products and small net impact on the overall mortgage market when the ESA loan limits expired may be explained by the return of a stronger conventional lending industry than existed during the housing crisis.     

新疆利用韩国企业直接投资的现状与展望

随着韩国企业在中国东部沿海发达地区的布局趋于完善和成熟以及中国西部大开发战略的逐步深入,全球经济格局调整和产业转移,大规模进入新疆等中国西部地区已成为必然。但目前韩国企业在新疆直接投资的整体规模上一直徘徊不前,相较东西部其他地区的投资额也有明显差距。因此,为了释放新疆与韩国的经济合作潜力,建议通过加强文化交流促进经济合作和改善投资环境加强直接投资的吸引力;通过吸引更多韩国跨国公司,扩大投资规模。     

基督教与"西化"

"润物细无声"的基督教传播 许多到西方求学的学子,大都有过去教堂的经历.有的是被当地的基督徒热情引领而去的,有的则是抱着好奇的心态自行前往的.作为长期受过无神论教育的中国学生和学者,要相信上帝的存在,并非易事,好多人去教堂,也主要是出于了解西方文化的初衷,想对基督教有些感性认识.真正最终成为基督徒的并不多.     

教师侵害未成年学生性犯罪案件的犯罪学思考

近年来以儿童学生(主要是女生)为性侵害对象的教师犯罪案件时有发生。这些案件对未成年学生的身心健康造成了巨大危害,社会影响非常恶劣。要抑制此类犯罪,父母应加强与孩子的沟通,尽早发现异常情况,坚决揭露教师性侵害事件;学校应加强学生的自我保护意识,开展性教育课程,强化师德教育,建立教育问责制,决不姑息包庇已经犯罪的相关责任人。     

弘扬求真务实精神 发挥干部表率作用

一、切实增强求真务实的自觉性弘扬求真务实精神,关键在于各级干部要有对党和人民的事业高度负责的政治觉悟,这是最基本的内在动力。求真务实是党的思想路线的核心内容,作为党员干部要理所当然地去自觉实践,付诸解放思想,实事求是,与时俱进,创新发展,求真务实的行动上;求真务实是实践“三个代表”重要思想、全面落实科学发展观的内在要求,要实践并做到“三个代表”和科学发展观,必须有求真务实的科学态度;求真务实是克难求进,实现各项工作目标的理论武器和政治动力,是做好工作不可离开的政治优势。做到求真务实,在思想政治上明确其重要性是…     

构建社会主义和谐社会与党的执政方式改革

构建社会主义和谐社会能够优化党执政的基础和条件;构建和谐社会关键在于改革党的执政方式。改革党的执政方式的立足点在于,实现科学执政、民主执政、依法执政。     

日本进一步完善公司法律制度

<正> 日本不断完善公司法律制度,国会于去年6月4日通过了两项法律修正案,即“修改商法等一部分的法律”和“关于伴随修改商法等一部分的法律而整备相关法律的法律”(以下简称“整备法”)。两部法律已于去年10月1日起生效。 日本的商法制定于1900年,近一百年来已先后修改24次,曾有6年连续每年修改一次,可见日本很重视对法律的修改。 日本的商法共4编851条,其中第2编为公司,共7章448条。日本这次所谓的修改商法,实际上是对公司部分的修改。这次修改的条文近30个(仅指商法典),涉及的款项50余个,新增条款近20个(以×条之几的形式),还删除或合并了几个款项。     

关于组织出卖人体器官罪的解读及完善

近年来,随着人体器官强制摘取、非法买卖器官等危害行为日益猖獗,《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》第37条的出台标志着组织出卖人体器官罪正式入刑,对人体器官买卖行为起到了极大的遏制作用。面对组织出卖人体器官罪在理论和实践中的争议,应从此罪的构成要件以及适用中的司法难题两方面入手,正确理解组织出卖人体器官罪的内涵;并应结合国际、国内关于器官移植犯罪方面的规定,完善相应立法。     

意识形态的建设与管理

意识形态自诞生之日起,就提出了意识形态的建设和管理问题。意识形态重在建设,重在加强管理,建设包括管理,管理促进建设,二者统一于党的建设的伟大进程之中。必须正确处理好二者之间的关系,把意识形态管理作为意识形态建设的一个重要领域,积极发挥意识形态管理的职能,推进马克思主义中国化、大众化、时代化,促进意识形态建设的成功开展。