Leadership Matters: The Effects of Targeted Killings on Militant Group Tactics

Targeted killings have become a central component of counterterrorism strategy. In response to the unprecedented prevalence of this strategy around the world, numerous empirical studies have recently examined whether “decapitating” militant groups with targeted killings is strategically effective. This study builds on that research program by examining the impact of targeted killings on militant group tactical decision-making. Our empirical strategy exploits variation in the attack patterns of militant groups conditional on whether a government’s targeted killing attempt succeeded against them operationally. In both the Afghanistan-Pakistan and Israel-West Bank-Gaza Strip theaters, targeted killings significantly alter the nature of militant group violence. When their leaderships are degraded with a successful strike, militant groups become far less discriminate in their target selection by redirecting their violence from military to civilian targets. We then analyze several potential causal mechanisms to account for these results and find strongest evidence that targeted killings tend to promote indiscriminate organizational violence by empowering lower level members with weaker civilian restraint.     

Der Entwurf und der Gegenentwurf für ein neues österreichisches Schadensersatzrecht – eine kritische Analyse

Der Beitrag vergleicht die beiden konkurrierenden Vorschl?ge zur Reform des ?sterreichischen Schadensersatzrechts und arbeitet die jeweils überzeugenden Vorschl?ge ebenso wie die Vers?umnisse heraus. Einbezogen werden zudem die vorliegenden Entwürfe für ein gemeinsames europ?isches Schadensersatzrecht. überdies wird auf die heftig umstrittene Verwendung des beweglichen Systems als legistische Technik eingegangen.