审判实践中控方证据存在的若干瑕疵

刑事审判对公诉证据的要求是证据和案件事实之间有关联性、合法性,并且要达到"犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分"的证明标准。检察、公安侦查取证过程中常见的证据瑕疵既有关联性方面的问题,也有合法性方面的问题,值得我们重视。改变公检法之间"消化"案件的做法、提高侦破案件的证据意识和技术能力,是我们提高取证和证明水平的途径。     

我国地方政府层级设置的法律探讨

我国地方政府层级设置的改革,是行政管理体制改革的重要内容。在改革和调整的过程中,应加快政府职能的转变,逐渐改革现有的机构设置模式,实现政府机构和人员编制的合理配置,并逐步完善其法制建设。     

论山东省经济欠发达县的经济发展

如何实现经济欠发达县“跨越”式发展,是促进地区经济持续、快速、健康、协调发展和社会全面进步的关键,是全面建设小康社会的基础性工程。山东省经济欠发达县发展缓慢原因众多,其一是没有充分把白然资源优势开发转换为一种现实生产力优势、经济优势。只有充分发挥经济欠发达县白然资源优势,开辟对外招商引资的新途径,才能促进经济欠发达县的经济发展。     

绩效考核指标对刑事程序法治的冲击与反制

绩效考核指标是刑事案件管理与诉讼体制运行的重要引擎,如何实现“指标最优”是当下刑事司法绩效考核最为紧迫与现实的命题。一些不科学、不合理、不必要考核指标始终“禁而不止”“取而不消”。一些常见的考核指标对刑事程序法治造成了较为突出的冲击与反制作用。一些数率指标的层压容易造成公安机关之执法行为冒进与异化。一些指标偏重追究犯罪的职能,使得检察机关在刑事诉讼中难以履行客观义务,容易违反无罪推定原则。质效控制方面的指标配给不足,且一些指标有形式化的倾向,常造成法院对审判规律的偏离。本文就公检法三机关在绩效指标考核中暴露出的突出问题,提出有针对性的改革建议。     

2′-氯地西泮在大鼠体内分布及代谢降解规律研究

目的研究2′-氯地西泮及其代谢物(地洛西泮、氯甲西泮、劳拉西泮)在大鼠体内分布及代谢规律,为2′-氯地西泮相关案件的检验提供实验数据。方法40只SD大鼠随机分为4组,禁食12h,按2.625mg/kg 2′-氯地西泮灌胃给药,第一组给药后不同时间点经大鼠尾静脉采血,第二组为采血空白对照组,第三组给药30min后处死,取心、肝、肺、肾、脑、睾丸,经乙酸乙酯液液萃取后用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱检测2′-氯地西泮及代谢物含量,第四组为分布空白对照组。结果2′-氯地西泮进入体内后,迅速代谢分布,在20min内达到血液最高浓度。2′-氯地西泮及代谢物在各器官中的分布特点为:肝>脑>心脏>肾>睾丸>肺。结论经灌胃2′-氯地西泮进入大鼠体内后,监测2′-氯地西泮及其代谢物在大鼠体内的分布及降解规律可以为2′-氯地西泮相关案件的检验鉴定提供参考依据。     

Children in Out-of-Home Care and Adult Labor-Market Attachment: A Swedish National Register Study

Using longitudinal national register data, we investigated labor-market attachment during the years 1993–1995 in Sweden for persons aged 25–35 years who had been in out-of-home care before the age of 18 in Sweden during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. We consider whether an immigrant background has an additional influence on labor-market attachment. Compared to majority population peers, young persons who had been in foster care had shorter educations. Fewer had a strong labor-market attachment and more were dependent on social assistance. Results from multinomial regression models indicated that having been in foster care during childhood reduced the probability of high attachment to the labor-market and increased the probability of social assistance dependency, even after making adjustments for education, marital status, parenthood, domicile, and birth country. Few signs of additive effects from being both an immigrant and a former foster child are found.     

立体化社会治安防控体系论要

目前学术界和实务界对社会治安防控体系概念的认识在形式和内容上有了新的突破,为我国完善和创新立体化社会治安防控体系建设提供了理论支撑,但也存在多方面的问题,需要在把握概念内在矛盾的基础上重新对其界定和创新。立体化社会治安防控理论体系由社会治安防控主体、社会治安防控客体和社会治安防控目标三个要素构成。社会治安防控主体涵盖所有维护社会治安的综合力量,要充分发挥各种力量的作用,必须加强内部整合;社会治安防控客体是治安问题,包括人、地、物、事和组织,是社会治安防控主体制定防控对策、实施防控行为所针对的对象;社会治安防控的目标是维护社会治安秩序和增强公众安全感,社会治安防控主体必须重视群众的安全感。     

Multi-sector cooperation in preventing crime: the case of a South African Neighbourhood Watch as an effective crime prevention model

Abstract

This case study describes the experience of effective and sustainable multi-sector co-operation in the prevention of crime between the Roodekrans Neighbourhood Watch (RNW) in Roodepoort, South Africa, the South African Police Service, private security businesses and the local business sector. This case study is illustrated in the context of empowering communities to take ownership of community safety by facilitating a multi-sector approach. Many studies have highlighted the role of the police in driving crime prevention, however, this paper focuses on the role and contribution of communities themselves as an effective vehicle of crime prevention drawing on multi-sector co-operation. Knowledge regarding best practices in this field of crime prevention remains a work in progress, therefore this paper aims to contribute to the general framework for the growth of successful multi-sector community-based crime prevention initiatives.     

成年牦牛肺动脉的显微结构观察

通过HE和Verhoeffe's Van Gession染色法观察了成年牦牛肺动脉的组织结构,并用Image-Pro Express软件测算肺动脉中膜肌层的厚度,分析了肺动脉结构特性与高原低氧适应性的关系.结果表明,肺动脉的血管分支多数内、外弹性膜清楚;中膜和外膜的结构因管径不同而有差异,管径较大的血管中膜平滑肌和弹性纤维分布较多,外膜胶原纤维含量多,管径较小的血管中膜平滑肌和弹性纤维分布较少,外膜胶原纤维含量较少.肺动脉平滑肌含量丰富,直径17μm的血管中仍有平滑肌.肺动脉的性质多为肌性动脉和弹性动脉,伴行的多为终末细支气管以上的分支.肺动脉中膜肌层占血管外径的百分率(MT)变化幅度很大(1.89%～39.47%),其平均值为12.66%.证实成年牦牛的肺动脉富含平滑肌,即平滑肌相对增生变厚,低氧环境对牦牛肺有影响,肺动脉中膜肌层的少量增厚是对低氧的一种适应性结构.     

蒙古绵羊输卵管上皮细胞β-防御素mRNA相对表达水平的实时荧光定量PCR检测

为了检测培养的蒙古绵羊输卵管上皮细胞内sBD-1 mRNA表达水平,运用SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR技术进行了相对定量测定.首先,建立蒙古绵羊输卵管上皮细胞培养体系作为体外试验模型,提取细胞总RNA,根据GenBank中羊β-防御素基因序列,设计合成引物,进行实时荧光定量PCR.以β-Actin基因为内参基因,对sBD-1 mRNA进行均一化处理,利用荧光阈值(C2值)计算sBD+1 mRNA的相对表达量.经测序分析,扩增产物为β-防御素.结果显示,SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR技术可以测定蒙古绵羊β-防御素mRNA表达水平的相对含量.