Respect for Persons in Bioethics: Towards a Human Rights-Based Account

Human rights have increasingly been put forward as an important framework for bioethics. In this paper, it is argued that human rights offer a potentially fruitful approach to understanding the notion of Respect for Persons in bioethics. The idea that we are owed a certain kind of respect as persons is relatively common, but also quite often understood in terms of respecting people’s autonomous choices. Such accounts do however risk being too narrow, reducing some human beings to a second-class moral status. This paper puts forward a political approach to our standing as persons and a strongly pluralistic account of human rights that lays the ground for a more broadly applicable conception of Respect for Persons. It is further argued that this model also provides an example of a more general approach to philosophical ethics, an approach which is here called taxonomical pluralism. When it comes to Respect for Persons specifically, this principle is developed in terms of five distinct core concerns (autonomy, dignity, integrity, privacy, and vulnerability).     

Bad neighbors? How co-located Chinese and World Bank development projects impact local corruption in Tanzania

The rise of China as a "non-traditional" development partner has been one of the most important phenomena in the field over the past decade. The lack of transparency in Chinese development projects, coupled with an uninterested stance towards governance, lead many to wonder if Chinese engagement will contribute to or undermine existing development efforts. This paper adds to the debate by inquiring as to the relationship of Chinese development efforts with perceptions of, and experiences with, corruption when projects are closely-located to those from a traditional donor, the World Bank. Taking advantage of spatial data, the paper evidences an association between the location of a larger number of Chinese projects and higher experiences with and, to some extent, perceptions of corruption when accounting for co-located World Bank projects. Likewise, while World Bank projects are associated with lower levels of corruption in the absence of Chinese projects, this relationship disappears when Chinese projects are nearby. However, these relationships only hold for Chinese projects which are not "aid-like," suggesting that the differentiation of Chinese overseas flows is an important consideration when studying China as a development partner.     

The Invisible Hand? Critical Information Infrastructures,Commercialisation and National Security

Corporatisation of critical information infrastructure (CII) is rooted in the ‘privatisation wave’ of the 1980s-90s, when the ground was laid for outsourcing public utilities. Despite well-known risks relating to reliability, resilience, and accountability, commitment to efficiency imperatives have driven governments to outsource key public services and infrastructures. A recent illustrative case with enormous implications is the 2017 Swedish ICT scandal, where outsourcing of CII caused major security breaches. With the transfer of the Swedish Transport Agency’s ICT system to IBM and subcontractors, classified data and protected identities were made accessible to non-vetted foreign private employees – sensitive data could thus now be in anyone’s hands. This case clearly demonstrates accountability gaps that can arise in public-private governance of CII.     

确立科学发展观建设资源节约型社会

党的十六届三中全会提出,“坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济社会和人的全面发展”,按照“统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放”的要求推进各项事业的改革和发展。确立科学发展观是历史和经济发展的必然要求;宏观调控、科技创新需要全社会的努力;建设资源节约型社会是未来发展的趋势,我们要确立科学发展观,做好宏观调控,建设资源节约型社会。     

WTO体制下环境与贸易问题的协调

1992年全球环境与发展大会召开和乌拉圭回合结束后,各种环保意识、法律、规章和措施,越来越多地涉及到自然资源、人类和动植物生命及与健康有关的商品国际间流动,甚至扩展到服务贸易、技术贸易等领域,“贸易与环境”问题成为国际社会共同关注的焦点。如何推动环境保护与贸易自由化的相互协调发展,是WTO面临的重要问题。本文考察了环境保护和贸易自由的关系,对WTO的环保贸易条款进行了深入分析,并探讨了协调环境与贸易的途径。     

犯罪构成与犯罪成立的关系

就犯罪构成的涵义而言,我国和大陆法系国家有着很大的差异。准确把握不同的犯罪构成理论,对于判断某一行为是否成立犯罪具有重要意义。因此,在比较不同犯罪构成理论和犯罪成立理论的基础上探讨犯罪构成与犯罪成立之间的逻辑关系是非常必要的。     

人工智能生成物法律保护模式探索与比较研究

目前,法律对人工智能生成物的保护并无明确规定.由于缺少法律保护机制,人工智能生成物承载的经济价值可能会引发各方主体无序使用,产生纠纷,最终影响文化市场的健康发展和良好运行.因此及早为人工智能生成物找出合理的保护路径,不仅可以起到定分止争的效果,还可以促进人工智能生成物的生产和传播,满足人们日益增长的文化需求.     

析公安行政成本

公安行政成本包含显性可计量的公安行政物化成本和隐性不可计量的公安行政效益需求成本两部分内容。目前我国各地均不同程度存在公安行政物化成本投入低、分配不合理的现象,这在一定程度上滞碍了公安行政的有效实施,无形中加大了公安行政的效益需求成本。各级政府和公安机关应当以物化成本促效益,以效益保成本,对成本既敢于投入又防止滥用,以达到物化成本和效益需求成本的和谐统一。     

一种先进民主性的政党制度

在当今世界的政党制度中,我国实行共产党领导的多党合作制度.但由于社会制度的不同及现阶段我国政治、经济的转型和一些不良现象的出现,总是有一些人对我国政党制度的民主性产生怀疑.本文拟从比较政治的方式入手,阐释它的先进民主性.