代议制政府与民主的张力——对约翰·密尔的《代议制政府》的一项考察

约翰·密尔的《代议制政府》是现代西方民主理论的经典著作。在这部著作中,密尔试图根据功利主义的原则来为民主进行辩护,并探讨理想上最好的政府形式。然而,值得注意的是,虽然在第三章中,密尔极力说明的是民主的优越性,但在第五章及以后密尔则把他对于理想上最好的政府形式的探讨转移到了代议制政府上。在这个微妙转移的背后,其实存在着代议制政府与民主的张力,而这一张力则或被消解在了密尔对于人的进步的愿景中。     

Increased risk of fatal intoxication and polypharmacy among psychiatric patients at death

Patients suffering from psychiatric disorders have an excess mortality and a shorter life span expectancy compared to the general population. Furthermore, they are treated with multiple drugs and are known to have an increased risk of drug abuse. In this study, we aimed at investigating the pharmaceutical drug and drug of abuse profiles of the deceased included in the Danish prospective autopsy‐based forensic study on psychiatric patients, SURVIVE. Using the postmortem systematic toxicological analysis results, we identified 129 different consumed compounds in our population (n = 443). Polypharmacy (≥5 compounds) was detected in 39.5% of the deceased. Deceased with a psychiatric diagnosis or who died from a fatal intoxication had significantly more compounds at the time of their death compared to having either no psychiatric diagnosis or another cause of death, respectively. Evidence of drug abuse was present, as 29.8% of our total population had consumed either methadone or illicit drugs of abuse, excluding tetrahydrocannabinol. Of those deceased with a psychiatric diagnosis, 33.6% had either consumed methadone or illicit drugs of abuse, a greater number than those without a psychiatric diagnosis. Fatal intoxication was the most frequent cause of death (40.6%) with methadone as the major intoxicant. Here, we found that those without a psychiatric diagnosis had fewer fatal pharmaceutical drug intoxications compared to the psychiatric diagnosis groups. Our findings add further context to understanding the excess mortality of psychiatric patents, since there is an increased occurrence of fatal intoxication, polypharmacy, and drug abuse in this population.     

论成年在校大学生对父母的抚养费请求权——兼论《婚姻法司法解释(一)》第20条的缺陷与完善

在司法实践中,对于在校成年大学生起诉父母索要抚养费的相似案件,不同法院的判决往往截然不同。主要原因在于《婚姻法司法解释(一)》第20条对"不能独立生活的子女"的规定存在缺陷。在《婚姻法》相关内容细化之前,有必要通过司法解释作出明确规定,一是明确"父母有给付能力"为成年子女请求父母给付抚养费的前提;二是细化对"不能独立生活的子女"的解释,甄别情况肯定或否定在校成年大学生对父母的抚养费请求权。     

车文博先生对人本主义心理学研究的贡献

车文博先生是我国当代著名的理论心理学家和心理学史家。20世纪末期,在人本主义心理学的研究中取得了丰硕的成果,做出了卓越的理论贡献,主要表现在以下方面:深刻剖析了人本主义心理学的元理论及其内在的思想逻辑、科学评价了人本主义心理学的贡献与缺陷、客观探讨了人本主义心理学的未来走向及其发展趋势、独到阐释了人本主义心理学对当代心理学的影响、准确分析了人本主义心理学与后现代主义思潮的关系。车文博先生对人本主义心理学的研究产生了广泛而深远的影响。     

《鹿特丹规则》的巨人之踵：承运人责任期间的强制性问题研究

承运人责任期间的强制性，是影响《鹿特丹规则》最终生效的关键性问题。承运人责任期间的概念长期被混淆，而《鹿特丹规则》的新规定，可能会引发新一轮的法律冲突。由于未能很好地解决与国内法衔接的问题，《鹿特丹规则》关于承运人责任期间强制性的规定，可能成为最终影响中国接受该公约的重要因素之一。     

论犯罪测量量具及其标准化

犯罪测量是犯罪学的重要课题。近年来西方犯罪学发展缓慢，原因就在于测量量具缺乏标准化。测量量具不标准不利于犯罪学核心概念的精确，不利于实证研究的比较，不利于理论与实证互动，不利于研究成果的累积与转化。对于初学实证的我国犯罪学界，普及量具标准化意识有独特的意义。犯罪学测量量具标准化有利于西方犯罪学理论的中国化和我国本土犯罪学理论的验证。量具标准化不会影响犯罪学的多元比较，它是灵活的、发展的，不是固定的、模式化的。量具标准化不是一劳永逸的，它需要定期评估。     

Genetic Variants in KCNE1, KCNQ1, and NOS1AP in Sudden Unexplained Death During Daily Activities in Chinese Han Population

Fifty‐six sudden unexplained death (SUD) cases were collected from Chinese Han population, which occurred during daily activities and were autopsy negative in comprehensive postmortem autopsy. The coding exons of potassium channel genes KCNE1, KCNQ1, and nitric oxide synthase gene NOS1AP were sequenced. A synonymous mutation, KCNE1 F54F T>C was identified in 2 SUD cases, which was absent in the control subjects. Neither genotype nor allele frequencies of KCNE1 and KCNQ1 exhibited a significant difference between the SUD and control group. In contrast, the allele frequency (p = 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰) and genotype frequency (p = 5.9 × 10⁻⁷) of rs3751284, and the genotype frequency (p = 2.9 × 10⁻²) of rs348624 in NOS1AP of SUD were significantly different from that of controls (p < 0.05). Our study suggested that rs3751284 and rs348624 might be susceptibility loci for SUD during daily activities. Larger sample sizes and further molecular studies are needed to confirm or exclude an effect of the NOS1AP SNPs on SUD risk.     

Sound Bilateral Relations Lie in the Mutual Understanding of Peoples:Sidelights on CAFIU Delegation’s Visit to Japan,New Zealand and Australia

<正>At the invitation of the Kazankai Foundation of Japan,Asia New Zealand Foundation and Australian Institute of International Affairs,a CAFIU delegation headed by Ai Ping,Member of the National Committee of the CPPCC,former Vice-Minister of IDCPC and CAFIU Vice-President,     

婴幼儿脑干脑炎EV71-VP1、PSGL-1和SCARB2的表达

目的观察人肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)、P选择素糖蛋白配体1(P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1,PSGL-1)和人清道夫受体B2(scavenger receptor B2,SCARB2)在婴幼儿脑干脑炎的表达,探究PSGL-1、SCARB2与EV71间的联系及EV71感染人体后可能的侵染途径和机制。方法收集EV71-VP1染色阳性的10例婴幼儿的器官、组织进行PSGL-1、SCARB2免疫组织化学染色,并与EV71-VP1免疫组织化学染色结果相比较。结果 EV71-VP1在脑内神经元、胶质细胞、血管周呈"袖套样"浸润的炎症细胞,胃底腺壁细胞呈强阳性;肺泡巨噬细胞,肠腺上皮细胞及黏膜层淋巴小结、腭扁桃体中淋巴细胞呈中度阳性;肠系膜淋巴结、脾的淋巴细胞中呈弱阳性。PSGL-1仅在胃底腺壁细胞,腭扁桃体隐窝鳞状上皮组织,肺泡巨噬细胞及各组织白细胞中表达。SCARB2除肠、脾组织外均有表达。结论 SCARB2与EV71组织分布具有相关性,在病毒的侵染及复制过程中起重要作用。胃可能是EV71复制的一个重要部位。     

The Chinese Paradox of High Growth and Low Quality of Government: The Cadre Organization Meets Max Weber

Much research has argued for the importance of state's administrative capacity for development. Disregard for the rule of law and failure to get corruption under control are seen as detrimental to economic and social development. The China paradox refers to the fact that in all commonly used measures of levels of corruption and the quality of government, China is a country that scores quite low. China also lacks the Weberian model of bureaucracy that is seen as central for development. It is argued that this paradox is the result of disregarding the existence of a different public administration model in China—the cadre organization. Instead of rule following, this organization is marked by high commitment to a specific policy doctrine. The argument is that while very different from Weberian bureaucracy, this organization is well suited for effectively implementing policies for economic and social development.