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701.
According to many theoretical accounts of the vote choice, distal determinants (e.g., party identification) influence proximal
determinants (e.g., perceptions of candidates), which in turn shape candidate preferences. Yet almost no research on voting
has formally tested such mediational hypotheses. Using national survey data collected between February and September of 2004,
this paper begins by illustrating how to conduct such investigations. We explored whether public approval of President Bush’s
handling of a series of specific national problems (e.g., the Iraq war) influenced overall assessments of his job performance
and evaluations of his likely future performance versus John Kerry’s, which in turn shaped vote choices. The results are consistent
with the claim of mediation and shed additional light on the impact of various issues on the 2004 election outcome. We also
tested what we term the “dosage hypothesis,” derived from news media priming theory, which posits that changes in the amount
of media coverage of an issue during the course of a campaign should precipitate changes in the weight citizens place on that
issue when evaluating the president’s overall job performance, particularly among citizens most exposed to the news. Surprisingly,
this analysis did not yield consistent support for the venerable dosage hypothesis, suggesting that the conditions under which
priming occurs should be specified much more precisely in future work.
相似文献
Jon A. KrosnickEmail: |
702.
The longstanding connection between criminological theory, research and the design and delivery of criminal justice policy
has been challenged in the last 3 decades by a variety of constraints such as the rise of neoconservative attitudes, symbolic
public discourses about crime, and the proliferation of capture, monitor, and detect strategies brought about by technological
innovation. Building on Kevin Haggerty’s (2004. Displaced expertise: three constraints on the policy-relevance of criminological
thought. Theoretical Criminology, 8(2), 211–231.) exploration of the external factors that challenge the transition from criminological theory to criminal justice
policy and practice, this paper considers internal challenges that may also be relevant. By examining two recent critical
criminological orientating strategies, namely left realism and constitutive criminology, the paper concludes by suggesting
that an integrated perspective which draws strengths from each of these approaches could assist critical criminologists to
better influence policy in the future.
相似文献
Johannes WheeldonEmail: |
703.
The Utility of Skeletal and Surgical Features for the Personal Identification Process: A Pilot Study
Annalisa Cappella B.Sc. Ph.D. Daniele Gibelli M.D. Ph.D. Zuzana Obertová M.Sc. Ph.D. Marco Cummaudo B.Sc. M.A. Elisa Castoldi M.Sc. Ph.D. Danilo De Angelis M.D. Chiarella Sforza M.D. Cristina Cattaneo M.D. B.Sc. M.A. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(6):1796-1802
This pilot study provides a conceptual framework for the application of the anthropological analysis of skeletal features and surgical interventions for the purpose of identification in cases of unknown deceased individuals with unavailable fingerprint, genetic or odontological antemortem data. The study sample includes 276 individuals with known demographic and clinical information from the Italian CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. In the sample, 124 (45%) individuals showed one or more skeletal features that may be potentially individualizing. Of these, 79% showed two and more features, which occurred in a multitude of different combinations. Skeletal findings may provide useful postmortem information that can be compared with antemortem witness statements and clinical imaging. However, more research into the utility of dry bone findings and the availability of comparative material, including imaging, and epidemiological data needs to be undertaken before skeletal features can be implemented into identification protocols and databases. 相似文献
704.
The likelihood that longevity will continue to increase has generated a search for regulation that make people work longer as they live longer, and thus not just containing pension expenditure but also enlarging labor supply, economic growth, and tax revenue. In public pension policy, Nordic countries have led the world with three types of approaches aimed at making people retire later. The first came when Sweden, followed by Finland and Norway, installed life expectancy coefficients in benefit calculation formulas. The second followed as Finland introduced age-related accrual rates and the third when Denmark indexed the pensionable age to developments in life expectancy. Since economic incentive-based regulations failed to raise exit ages sufficiently, Finland and Sweden subsequently linked pensionable ages to life expectancy like Denmark. While this policy brings out inequalities in health and workability, the fact that countries found it necessary to index the pensionable age to longevity instead of just relying on economic incentives in regulating retirement behavior may hold lessons for other countries. 相似文献