司法成本与司法效率——中国法院的财政保障与法官激励

我国司法改革进程中,法院的财政保障构成了司法成本的主要问题。从长远的观点看应建立中央统一的司法财政与决算制度。此外,为了有效遏制司法腐败和从根本上提高司法公信力,通过渐进和配套的制度改革,将法官从一般公务员系列里独立出来并给予相对高的报酬仍应作为司法改革的一个努力方向。     

网络时代的资本市场及监管法制之重塑

互联网技术正日益渗透于资本市场各个环节,并深刻影响着资本市场的结构和运行模式。网络技术与资本市场的高度融合预示着一个资本市场网络时代的到来,这需要我们重新审视已有的监管理念和监管规则,以更加从容的心态加以应对,改变以简单控制为主的监管思路和监管策略,采取积极引导、强化监管的指导思想,在发挥技术革新优势和有效监管之间积极地寻求平衡,以推动我国资本市场的成功转型。     

AFTERWORD: CROSS-CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF JAPANESE HERITAGE LANGUAGE POLICIES AND PRACTICES

Scholars of regions where multiple languages are spoken have much to gain by considering heritage language education, individual identity, and state power through these ethnographic and historical cases that focus on Japan and the Japanese diaspora. The articles in this two-part collection offer insights into the interrelationships of linguistic hierarchies and political economy, the navigation of ethnic and racial subjectivities, and the ways children and adolescents claim belonging to various communities through their linguistic practices. The articles interrogate not only heritage but remembrance and the ways individuals may produce identity through language in everyday interactions and institutional settings.     

作品署名的證據認定規則

一、引言創作是一個凝結心智、表達思想的獨立過程。作品是創作者的創造性勞動成果,無論是按照作者的人格學說,還是財產的勞動學說,其只應當歸屬於創作者。但是在實踐中,任何創作過程都是個體性的,任何作品都是形式化的,作品與作者的關係通常是隱蔽的。作品來源的隱蔽性與作品的公共性形成了矛盾,傳播過程中難免會引起     

美国安全应急体制的改革与启示

作为目前世界上安全应急体制发展最为成熟的国家,美国安全应急体制深受各国政府关注和学者重视。以历史唯物观所强调的社会有机体中生产力、生产关系和上层建筑三者之间的相互联系为依据,为美国安全应急体制设立安全应急环境、安全应急理念和安全应急机制三种变量,并以这三种变量之间的相互作用来分析美国安全应急体制改革历程的内在动力和发展趋势,可以发现,美国安全应急体制是在应对核战争所代表的传统安全威胁、自然灾害所代表的民生安全威胁以及恐怖主义攻击所代表的非传统安全威胁的过程中建立和形成的,这一体制的逐步完善也是其中所涉及的环境、理念和机制等三种变量之间相互作用和影响的结果。其改革发展历程的经验表明,美国安全应急体制能够适应安全环境变化而及时调整安全应急理念,并通过制定相关法律法规和完善组织机构来健全安全应急机制,因而具有积极的借鉴作用。但这一体制的发展往往过度依赖客观环境的推动,也会造成应急管理在主观上的防范疏漏,其中失败的教训也应当加以注意。     

Managing incidental findings in human subjects research: analysis and recommendations.

No consensus yet exists on how to handle incidental findings (IFs) in human subjects research. Yet empirical studies document IFs in a wide range of research studies, where IFs are findings beyond the aims of the study that are of potential health or reproductive importance to the individual research participant. This paper reports recommendations of a two-year project group funded by NIH to study how to manage IFs in genetic and genomic research, as well as imaging research. We conclude that researchers have an obligation to address the possibility of discovering IFs in their protocol and communications with the IRB, and in their consent forms and communications with research participants. Researchers should establish a pathway for handling IFs and communicate that to the IRB and research participants. We recommend a pathway and categorize IFs into those that must be disclosed to research participants, those that may be disclosed, and those that should not be disclosed.