Russia's Indirect Grand Strategy

Modern Russia is a revisionist, if not a revanchist, nation-state. It seeks to end the efficacy of the post-World War II institutionalized rules-based international order, which was created and maintained by the U.S.-led Western alliance. Russia pursues this objective to reclaim great power status and dominate the region and its borders. However, it lacks the strength to achieve this goal directly. To be successful, Russia must devise a strategy for bringing about cumulative changes in the relative power of the United States and Russia. And, it must do so while avoiding direct confrontation. A model for such an indirect approach exists.     

The development of the penal bond with conditional defeasance

The development of the penal bond with endorsed conditional defeasance presents a problem because the earliest monetary penalties in English contracts took the form of straight-forward penalty clauses. It is hard to see how the convoluted penal bond developed from such penalty clauses. This article traces the development of the penal bond from debt recognizances defeasible by the performance of conditions stated in a separate document. The logic of the defeasible recognizance was carried over to other arrangements including the penal bond with endorsed conditional defeasance.     

HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination: Legal Perspectives∗

This article considers a unique feature of co-operation within the Commonwealth, the Commonwealth Schemes aimed at enhancing international co-operation in criminal matters. It focuses in particular on the Scheme relating to Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters within the Commonwealth, commonly referred to as the Harare Scheme.     

中国减税降费的实践与路径分析

面对当前严峻的国内外经济形势,中国政府部署的新一轮大规模减税降费备受社会各界关注与期待。通过对减税降费的理论依据和现实背景分析发现,减税降费的有效落实离不开对中国现实国情的充分认识,对现行税收制度的优化,对中央地方财权、事权和支出责任的科学划分以及现代预算制度的建立。减税降费的进一步推进将明显降低企业税负,减少疫情对经济社会的影响,激发市场主体活力,进而促进中国供给侧结构性改革,实现中国经济高质量发展,增强人民群众获得感和满足感。     

数字政府研究的历程、现状和趋势

近年,数字政府受到我国公共管理学术界的高度关注,相关研究与日俱增,但在数字政府研究的历程、现状及其趋势等方面还存在争议。我国公共管理学术界对数字政府研究的历程大致经历了概念引介、理论溯源和深化发展三个阶段,且现在正处于数字政府深化发展阶段。中国未来数字政府研究需要系统关注数字政府治理实践、数字政府建设中数据共享、信息公开与公众满意度、数字政府建设影响因素、国外数字政府经验研究以及数字政府建设评估六大关键议题。对数字政府概念的理论概括与实践总结是未来数字政府研究的重要基础。信息共享、平台驱动、多元主体关系、绩效评估是未来数字政府研究的主要方向。多种研究方法综合使用是未来数字政府研究的大势所趋。     

应急管理能力:多层次结构与发展路径

应急管理能力是应急管理主体为履行应急管理职能、实现应急管理使命而应具备的知识、资源和技能的总和,包括在国家、应急管理部门和应急管理职业人三个层次上的45种能力。在国家层面上,应急管理能力可视为在重大危机状态下的国家治理能力,包括13项关键指征。在应急管理部门层面上,需要发展的核心能力有20种,分布在日常的风险治理、应急准备和突发事件发生后的应急响应多个阶段。应急管理人应当掌握三类知识体系、三类科学素养和六类领导能力。在推进应急管理体系和能力现代化的过程中,我国需要在多个层次上提升应急管理能力。     

责任保险中的连带责任承担问题——以机动车商业三责险条款为分析样本

当责任保险中的被保险人与共同致害人一起对受害第三人承担连带责任时,保险合同格式条款能否将该连带责任从保险责任中加以排除,这是司法实践中存在较大争议的问题。争议的焦点在于,机动车商业三责险等一般责任保险中的"按责赔付"条款能否在司法判决中得到承认并加以适用。通过对责任保险的责任内涵及责任保险独特的"摆脱不利"等保障功能的分析,从责任保险格式条款内容控制的角度,主张连带责任的免除条款构成格式条款的"意外免责"条款,其免责效力不应得到承认而应受到限制。     

百年未有之大变局下全人类共同价值的国际传播机制建构

全人类共同价值的国际传播机制建构是当下关系人类前途命运、世界发展局势、民族复兴战略的时代要求。面对全人类共同价值对外传播深度和广度有限的现状,中国必须抓住世界百年未有之大变局带来的无限机遇,做好充足准备应对多重挑战。构建起以对外传播动力驱动机制、阐释与澄清并举的话语机制、多元协同的主体传播机制、多维融合的媒介传播机制和科学精准的追踪反馈机制为组成要素的全人类共同价值传播机制体系,对于提高全人类共同价值的全球影响力、推动构建人类命运共同体和新型国际关系具有重要意义。     

China's Approach to BRICS

The economic rise of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) inevitably leads to a redistribution of power in the international system. Chinese leaders today accord a considerable priority to this group, and there are elements of realism, liberalism/institutionalism and constructivism in their approach. This article intends to study China's policy towards BRICS and examine the above elements so as to better understand how the Chinese leadership perceives China's role in the international system, and how it seeks to articulate its interests and enhance its influence.