Industrial Policies and Development Cooperation for a Learning Society

In the countries that have been most successful in development over the past half century, government played a central role (the development state), especially through industrial policies that promoted manufacturing exports. But changes in the global economy mean that African countries won’t be able to rely on the manufacturing export-led growth model. This paper analyzes the reasons for the success of that model, and shows how the same outcomes can be achieved through a multipronged strategy, a comprehensive development plan that pays particular attention to learning and employment.     

Russia's Indirect Grand Strategy

Modern Russia is a revisionist, if not a revanchist, nation-state. It seeks to end the efficacy of the post-World War II institutionalized rules-based international order, which was created and maintained by the U.S.-led Western alliance. Russia pursues this objective to reclaim great power status and dominate the region and its borders. However, it lacks the strength to achieve this goal directly. To be successful, Russia must devise a strategy for bringing about cumulative changes in the relative power of the United States and Russia. And, it must do so while avoiding direct confrontation. A model for such an indirect approach exists.     

The development of the penal bond with conditional defeasance

The development of the penal bond with endorsed conditional defeasance presents a problem because the earliest monetary penalties in English contracts took the form of straight-forward penalty clauses. It is hard to see how the convoluted penal bond developed from such penalty clauses. This article traces the development of the penal bond from debt recognizances defeasible by the performance of conditions stated in a separate document. The logic of the defeasible recognizance was carried over to other arrangements including the penal bond with endorsed conditional defeasance.     

HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination: Legal Perspectives∗

This article considers a unique feature of co-operation within the Commonwealth, the Commonwealth Schemes aimed at enhancing international co-operation in criminal matters. It focuses in particular on the Scheme relating to Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters within the Commonwealth, commonly referred to as the Harare Scheme.     

Does Coproduction of Public Services Support Government's Social Equity Goals? The Case of U.S. State Parks

The growing phenomenon of government-supporting charities prompts the question of whether these institutions help or hinder public values of equity in service access. Logit and tobit regression analysis using multiple data sources from the California and Florida state parks systems compares public parks with and without supporting “friends” groups. The results suggest that while parks philanthropy has produced real benefits in rallying citizen support for improved public spaces, it also introduces some distributional consequences that policy makers should not ignore. Namely, a philanthropic failure hypothesis is supported whereby wealthier Florida counties with greater income inequality are more likely to benefit from a charity supporting a nearby state park. Finding no similar result in California, the authors conclude that the association between community wealth and park charity presence may also depend on state characteristics such as the funding structure of each state park system, not just community wealth differences.     

全国首个跨省流域生态补偿机制试点的“新安江模式”

新安江是习近平总书记亲自倡导和推动的全国首个跨省流域生态补偿机制的先行探索地,也是习近平生态文明思想的重要实践地。新安江生态补偿机制试点实施以来,经过八年多的艰苦摸索,形成了可复制、可推广的“新安江模式”,目前已经在全国多个流域得以推广,标志着皖浙两省在生态补偿机制改革中取得了成功经验,用实践生动展示了习近平生态文明思想。本文从全国第一个跨省流域的生态保护补偿试点着手,总结“新安江模式”的建构过程与巨大成效,分析“新安江模式”的成功经验与内在逻辑,阐明“新安江模式”的现实问题与对策思考,以进一步深入学习贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想,推动美丽中国建设。     

China's Approach to BRICS

The economic rise of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) inevitably leads to a redistribution of power in the international system. Chinese leaders today accord a considerable priority to this group, and there are elements of realism, liberalism/institutionalism and constructivism in their approach. This article intends to study China's policy towards BRICS and examine the above elements so as to better understand how the Chinese leadership perceives China's role in the international system, and how it seeks to articulate its interests and enhance its influence.