The reconstruction of business interests after the ISI collapse: unpacking the effect of institutional change in Chile and Uruguay

Abstract

This paper focuses on understanding the different evolutions of business’ associational paths in post-Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Chile and Uruguay, offering an explanation at the crossroads of the institutional change and international trade literatures. The argument is that the different forms in which ISI institutions were transformed during the liberalisation period facilitated a greater mobility of factors to different degrees, triggering divergent enduring associational strategies on the part of business. The proliferation of narrow-based special benefits during the ISI fuelled preferences for the formation of sector-based coalitions oriented towards rent-seeking activities. Nevertheless, while ISI regulations were displaced in Chile during the military period, Uruguay followed a gradual process of layering of new rules alongside old ones. These diverging strategies, having different effect on established inter-sectoral regulatory distortions, propitiated alternative associational paths of local business.     

Government regulations and FDI: a historical perspective of mexico

This article analyzes the development of foreign investment regulations and their impact on FDI flows in Mexico. The study covers the evolution of sectoral and aggregate investment patterns from the independence period to the 1994 Peso crisis and its aftermath. The pattern followed by FDI in Mexico has paralleled the transformation of the Mexican economy itself, focusing initially on the extractive and agricultural sectors, then on manufacturing activities, and recently on the services sector. Mexico has continuously reformed and modernized its regulatory system in order to adapt to internal political changes and changes in the world economic environment. Recent economic reforms and liberalization of FDI regulations have had a major positive impact on capital inflows, but more needs to be done, especially in the area of financial services in order to achieve a higher level of economic efficiency and to prevent financial breakdowns like the one experienced in 1994.     

固相微萃取结合气相色谱法测定水样中痕量扑草净

目的建立气相色谱法（GC）测定水样中扑草净残留量的方法。方法采用顶空-固相微萃取（HS-SPME）分离、净化和富集水样中的分析物,并对实验参数如萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度和pH范围进行了优化。结果 GC结合HS-SPME检测扑草净的线性范围为0.5~10μg/L,相关系数r2=0.999 9,方法的检出限为0.05μg/L。水样的加标回收率为101.5%~103.0%,相对标准偏差为1.01%。结论该方法适于测定水样中扑草净残留量。     

Sexual victimisation,sexual cognitions,desire and excitation/inhibition in community Spanish male and female sexual aggressors

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between some aspects of sexuality and individuals' likelihood to perpetrate sexual aggression in men and women. We assessed the following sexuality variables: content of positive sexual cognitions (PSCs)/negative sexual cognitions (i.e., intimate, exploratory, dominance/submission or impersonal), dyadic and solitary sexual desire, propensity for sexual excitation (SE)/sexual inhibition and sexual victimisation during childhood and/or adolescence/adulthood. We examined a community sample of 228 men and 333 women, of whom 67 men and 43 women had perpetrated sexual aggression. Compared to non-aggressors, male aggressors reported a higher frequency of PSCs of dominance; female aggressors reported a higher frequency of PSCs of dominance and exploratory and impersonal sexual cognitions as both positive and negative and negative impersonal cognitions. All sexual aggressors reported higher levels of solitary desire and propensity for SE. Regression analyses revealed that the most relevant variable in the prediction of sexual aggression was sexual victimisation during adolescence/adulthood in both sexes. Differences between male and female sexual aggressors are discussed.     

“媒介化抗争”:一种非制度性维权的解释框架

“媒介化抗争”是抗争者通过制造具有新闻价值的事实,主动吸引传媒关注进而推动利益诉求获得解决的一种抗争方式,它与其他形式的抗争行动存在差别,是抗争者经过计算而做出的一种理性选择,但其成功受到多种因素的制约.这种非制度抗争方式具有正负双重效应,但从长远来看,弊大于利.破解非制度性维权的困境须将公民的权益诉求引向制度框架之内,并进行相应的结构性变革.     

Spain: The fragile democracy

The attempted military coup of 23 February 1981 underlined the fragility of democracy in Spain, recently restored after forty years of dictatorship by General Franco. The article argues that the ultimate reason for Spanish democracy's precarious state lies in the existence of a traditionally interventionist Army, an Army not identified with the values and ideals of democracy. A minority of right‐wing officers thought that terrorism by the Basque group ETA, the regional problem, and the political disenchantment of many Spaniards, related to the decline of Suárez, called for a new intervention by the Army against the legally constituted democracy.     

Domestic credit and the balance of payments in Ghana: A comment

This article provides evidence from a randomised control trial conducted among potato farmers in Ecuador about the impact of mobile phone text messages on farmer knowledge about and adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Using psychological constructs, we examine competing explanations for non-standard decision-making leading to low adoption of beneficial agricultural technologies. Farmers who received text messages have significantly higher knowledge and are more likely to adopt most IPM practices than those in the control group. Findings provide evidence that text messages lead to behavioural changes by reducing inattention and sub-optimal heuristics in the face of complex decisions.     

抗菌肽RSRP与常用抗菌药的体外联合药敏试验

为探讨家兔圆小囊抗菌肽(RSRP)的体外抗菌活性以及与抗菌药之间的协同效应关系,采用琼脂糖弥散试验检测RSRP对8株供试细菌的抗菌活性,然后采用棋盘微量稀释法,选取11种常用抗菌药,分别测定其对临床分离的耐药大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度,再采用分级抑制浓度指数来定量检测RSRP与抗菌药之间的抗菌作用关系。结果显示,RSRP对8株供试菌均有不同程度的抗菌活性,分级抑制浓度指数从小于0.3到大于5不等。证实该抗菌肽与不同的抗菌药之间协同、相加、无关和拮抗作用关系均存在,其中与β-内酰胺类药物氨苄西林钠、头孢噻呋钠表现明显的协同作用。     

麋鹿朊蛋白全基因的克隆及序列分析

为获得中国麋鹿朊蛋白(PRNP)的全基因,并利用DNAStar软件与已报道的其他动物的朊蛋白全基因序列进行同源性分析,根据GenBank中马鹿朊蛋白基因序列设计特异性引物,采用PCR方法从提取的总基因组中扩增得到麋鹿PRNP基因;将其连接到pGEM-T Easy载体中,获得克隆产物并测序。结果,成功扩增出了中国麋鹿PRNP基因,构建了重组质粒pGEM-T-ML;对克隆产物的序列分析表明,麋鹿PRNP基因的开放阅读框包含771bp,编码256个氨基酸的前体蛋白,前体蛋白的分子质量约为28 200u;与已报道的其他鹿科动物朊蛋白全基因的核苷酸及氨基酸序列的同源性均在98.8%以上,与几种非鹿科动物的同源性在96.5%～98.4%之间。结果表明,麋鹿PRNP基因的核苷酸和编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他鹿科动物的序列具有高度保守性,而与几种非鹿科动物间的同源性也较高,说明朊蛋白是一种古老的高度保守的蛋白。