生态系统理论视阈下党员先锋模范作用的发挥

心理学中的生态系统理论指出,发展中的个体嵌套于一系列环境系统之中,根据这些系统对个体影响的程度及其作用方式分为宏系统、外层系统、中间系统和微系统四个层次。共产党员发挥先锋模范作用必须与时俱进,适应新常态,从生态系统论的视角出发,发挥党员先锋模范作用,要通过在宏系统层面营造积极的作用发挥环境,在外层系统上树立明确的作用发挥导向,在中间系统层面搭建丰富的作用发挥平台,在理想信念教育、增强党员角色意识、引领党员自我定位、遵循心理投入原则等方面不断优化微系统作用的充分发挥。     

England,Englishness and Brexit

In the 1975 referendum England provided the strongest support for European integration, with a much smaller margin for membership in Scotland and Northern Ireland. By 2015 the rank order of ‘national’ attitudes to European integration had reversed. Now, England is the UK's most eurosceptic nation and may vote ‘Leave’, while Scotland seems set to generate a clear margin for ‘Remain’. The UK as a whole is a Brexit marginal. To understand the campaign, we need to make sense of the dynamics of public attitudes in each nation. We take an ‘archaeological’ approach to a limited evidence‐base, to trace the development of attitudes to Europe in England since 1975. We find evidence of a link between English nationalism and euroscepticism. Whatever the result in 2016, contrasting outcomes in England and Scotland will exacerbate tensions in the UK's territorial constitution and could lead to the break‐up of Britain.     

The Anti‐Incumbent Effects of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs

Scholars concur that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have a strong proincumbent effect among beneficiaries. Although no study has properly focused on the overall effect of cash transfers on incumbents' national vote shares, most scholars have deduced that this effect is positive; i.e., that cash transfers lead to the expansion of incumbents' electoral bases. This article analyzes survey data from nearly all Latin American countries and confirms that beneficiaries of CCT programs are more likely to support incumbents. However, it also shows that CCT programs may induce many voters who were previously incumbent supporters to vote for the opposition. As a consequence, the overall impact of cash transfers on incumbents' vote shares is indeterminate; it depends on the balance between both patterns of behavioral changes among voters. This study is the first to report evidence that cash transfer programs may have significant anti‐incumbent effects.     

Does media freedom improve government effectiveness? A comparative cross-country analysis

Government effectiveness could be explained by the level of well-informed electorate members, who use the press to learn more about politicians and public servants. Thus, a free press may improve citizens’ accessibility to this information, which in turn will make it more difficult for politicians and public servants to cover up or get away with corrupt behaviour, so the quality of the government could be affected by the media freedom. Accordingly, the main aim of this paper is to determine the effect of the freedom of the press on government effectiveness, considering additionally environmental, institutional, and political characteristics as factors that could determine the level of government effectiveness. To achieve this aim, we examined 202 central governments and compared them across countries using the World Bank data set of Governance Indicators for 2002–2008. The results show that the media, the organizational environment, and political characteristics may be determinants of the level of government effectiveness, taking countries’ economic development into account.     

妙喻连珠串《围城》

比喻是《围城》中运用得最多,也是最有特色的表现手法。在《围城》中,作者几乎调动了所有用得上的比喻手法,不仅有显喻、隐喻、曲喻,而且还有意向比喻、官感比喻、哲理比喻,等等。这些比喻如一颗颗熠熠发光的珍珠,缀满整部作品,使抽象化为形象,深奥化为浅显,复杂化为简约,平淡化为神奇,给语言增添了鲜明的艺术色彩,对增强作品的感染力也起到举足轻重的作用。     

道路交通事故中民事赔偿责任的立法解读——以我国交通法与国外立法的比绞为视角

道路交通事故中的民事赔偿责任的立法需要明确归责原则、免责事由,以及过失相抵等问题.我国<道路交通安全法>第76条确立了混合责任原则,将受害人故意作为加害人唯一的免责事由,并许可在一定的条件下适用过失相抵.该条的规定顺应了保护受害人权益的立法思潮,但在某些方面仍存在不足.     

道路交通事故中民事赔偿责任的立法解读——以我国交通法与国外立法的比较为视角

道路交通事故中的民事赔偿责任的立法需要明确归责原则、免责事由,以及过失相抵等问题。我国《道路交通安全法》第76条确立了混合责任原则,将受害人故意作为加害人唯一的免责事由,并许可在一定的条件下适用过失相抵。该条的规定顺应了保护受害人权益的立法思潮,但在某些方面仍存在不足。