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471.
Justin Esarey 《国际相互影响》2017,43(4):589-618
Does being named and shamed for human rights abuse influence the amount of foreign aid received by the shamed state? Recent research suggests that the impact of public censure may depend on the political relationship between donor and recipient. We argue that donors deriving a direct political benefit from the aid relationship (such as a military advantage or the satisfaction of a domestic political audience) will ignore or work against condemnation, but donors with little political interest in the recipient (who give aid for symbolic or humanitarian reasons) will punish condemned states. We also argue that the size of prior aid packages can be used as a holistic measure of the donor’s political interest in the aid relationship because mutually beneficial aid packages are subject to a bargaining process that favors recipients with more to offer. We find that condemnation for human rights abuse by the United Nations is associated with lower bilateral aid levels among states that previously received small aid package, and with equal or higher bilateral aid to states already receiving a great deal of aid. The source of shaming also matters: We find that public shaming by human rights NGOs is not associated with decreased aggregate bilateral aid. 相似文献
472.
AliceAnn Crandall Brianna M. Magnusson M. Lelinneth B. Novilla Lynneth Kirsten B. Novilla W. Justin Dyer 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(1):45-62
The ability to control one’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors is known as self-regulation. Family stress and low adolescent self-regulation have been linked with increased engagement in risky sexual behaviors, which peak in late adolescence and early adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess whether adolescent self-regulation, measured by parent and adolescent self-report and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, mediates or moderates the relationship between family financial stress and risky sexual behaviors. We assessed these relationships in a 4-year longitudinal sample of 450 adolescents (52 % female; 70 % white) and their parents using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that high family financial stress predicts engagement in risky sexual behaviors as mediated, but not moderated, by adolescent self-regulation. The results suggest that adolescent self-regulatory capacities are a mechanism through which proximal external forces influence adolescent risk-taking. Promoting adolescent self-regulation, especially in the face of external stressors, may be an important method to reduce risk-taking behaviors as adolescents transition to adulthood. 相似文献
473.
This video election note is a very brief introduction to some of the main points of interest regarding the 2010 UK general election. It touches on events since the 2005 election, the course of the campaign, the salient issues, policy differences between the main parties, key features of the outcome for the major and minor parties, turnout, government formation and the implications for British politics. There are also preliminary observations on what the pattern of constituency results tell us about how the recession and the expenses crisis affected outcomes. 相似文献
474.
475.
Shannon R. Kenney Justin F. Hummer Joseph W. LaBrie 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):999-1011
Prepartying and drinking game playing are associated with excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences
in college populations; however, research exploring the prevalence of these high risk drinking contexts among high school
students, and how such engagement may impact both high school and subsequent college drinking risk, is lacking. The current
study, which is the first study to assess prepartying during high school, examined how engaging in either prepartying or drinking
game playing during high school was associated with risky high school drinking as well as alcohol use and consequences during
the transitional first month of college. The study involved 477 first-year college students, the majority of whom were 18 years
old (94%), female (66%), and Caucasian (59%). Prepartying was found to be highly prevalent in high school (45%). Further,
students who prepartied or played drinking games during high school drank significantly more in high school than students
who did not engage in these high risk activities. Finally, prepartying and game playing during high school were associated
with greater collegiate alcohol consumption (controlling for high school drinking) and consequences (controlling for both
high school and college drinking). This study establishes prepartying and drinking games as common high risk activities among
both high school and incoming first-year college students, and addresses implications for prevention and targeted interventions. 相似文献
476.
Justin M. Ross 《Public administration review》2018,78(1):92-103
An unfunded expenditure mandate occurs when governments are required to provide a good or service by a higher level of government without an accompanying revenue source. There are no empirical studies providing causal evidence on the fiscal influence of intergovernmental mandates. This article examines Florida's 1990 constitutional Amendment 3, which sought to limit unfunded state mandates on municipal and county governments. The synthetic control method, an empirical technique for drawing causal inferences from case studies, estimates the effect of Amendment 3 on state expenditures and total transfers to local governments. The results indicate that state expenditures increased by an annual average of 9.5 percent, while state transfers to all local governments were unaffected. However, the municipalities protected by Amendment 3 saw intergovernmental revenue from the state decrease by 10 percent annually, which suggests that remaining mandates likely targeted special districts, encouraging the fragmentation of local public service delivery. 相似文献
477.
478.
Justin B. Bullock Jesper Rosenberg Hansen David J. Houston 《International Public Management Journal》2018,21(2):243-271
Most empirical research has shown that people working in the public sector perceive job security as more important than people working in the private sector, while the inverse is the case for job income. However, it is not known if these relationships hold globally while controlling for occupation and national context. We combine ISSP data from respondents in 25 countries with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and World Bank data to examine whether the previous generally accepted claims hold while taking into account workers’ occupation, as well as national, cultural, and economic conditions. We find evidence that even when taking into account all these factors, government workers place a higher value on job security than private workers, but contrary to the generally accepted claim, we find no statistically significant difference between government and private workers in their high-income motives when taking the occupation and national context into the models. 相似文献
479.
Christoffer Florczak Stig Hebbelstrup Rye Rasmussen Ulrich Thy Jensen Justin M. Stritch Kaare Christensen Asbjørn Sonne Nørgaard Robert Klemmensen 《Public administration》2023,101(3):993-1013
Despite the proliferation of research on public service motivation (PSM), fundamental questions about its origins continue to evade scholars: Is PSM driven by genetics, socialized through experiences, or both? If PSM is socialized, when does socialization occur? Answering these questions is critical for reconciling the state versus trait debate, and for assessing the validity of practical implications prescribed by PSM studies. Utilizing “nature's own experiment,” we adopt a classical twin design with 1035 twin pairs to identify how genetic heritability, a common environment, or unique environment and experiences can explain variation in PSM. Results show that PSM is heavily influenced by individuals' unique environments and experiences; not by genetics. This lends strong evidence to PSM's uniqueness as a motivational construct as related “other-regarding” concepts show sizeable genetic components. Finally, our results corroborate that PSM is a human resource with dynamic properties organizations can cultivate to enhance productivity in public service workforces. 相似文献
480.
Gerlinger Julie Viano Samantha Gardella Joseph H. Fisher Benjamin W. Chris Curran F. Higgins Ethan M. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2021,50(8):1493-1509
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Excluding students from school remains a common form of punishment despite growing critique of the practice. A disparate research base has impeded the ability to... 相似文献