基于网络的综合学习环境设计初探

近年来国内外所采用的各种学习环境设计模式主要有两种倾向性。通过对这两种倾向的典型设计的比较,找出一种适合基于网络的综合学习环境设计的有效模式,即采用“目标志向”和“技能志向”两者互相补充的形式。     

美国知识产权保险制度管窥

美国的知识产权保险分为知识产权执行保险(IPEnforcementInsurance)和知识产权侵权保险(IPInfringementInsurance)。该保险所保护的主体范围非常广泛,既包括潜在的侵权人,也包括潜在的受害人。虽然知识产权保险制度具有许多优点,但缔结保险合同的保费过高,同时由于大企业的拖延战术,也大大地削弱了该制度的功效。因此,我国企业在知识产权诉讼中,应当充分重视和解与诉讼中间裁决的作用,采取正确的措施渡过难关。     

关于县（市、区）司法局和司法所职能、机构、人员编制配置问题的初步思考

伴随着我国改革开放和经济社会发展的历史进程,作为我国基层政权和政法组织体系重要组成部分的县(市、区)司法局和司法所逐步组建起来,其工作职能不断充实和强化、机构设置进一步规范、人员编制逐步增加,在推进基层民主法制建设、维护群众切身利益、保障经济社会发展方面的重要     

浅析我国《公司法》关于转投资规定的立法缺陷——评《公司法》第12条之规定

市场经济条件下,作为现代资本企业的公司,不断地追求最大限度的利润和更多的市场占有份额,这是公司不断进行转投资的重要原因。转投资是公司加速资本扩张的重要手段,是公司在激烈的市场竞争中得以生存和发展的重要方式。我国《公司法》第12条关于公司转投资的限制性规定,制约了公司在市场经济环境中的自主发展和自由竞争,影响了资源的合理配置和流动,应当予以修改和完善。本文粗浅地分析了转投资限制性条款的立法缺陷及不足,以期对《公司法》的修改和完善有所帮助。     

Race as a factor in university admissions

In two recent cases, Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306. (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244. (2003), the Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause permitted state schools to use race-sensitive admissions in order to obtain the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The diversity-based argument for race-sensitive admissions, scholarships, awards, and other opportunities at universities should have been rejected because it does not consider the full range of costs and benefits and because the more narrow educational effects probably weigh against such programs. However, this does not suggest that applicants’ race, ethnicity, and gender should be ignored. Rather the same consideration that led to the defeat of the diversity argument, i.e., reasoning capacity, supports the consideration of demographic factors. However, attention to such factors further undermines the consequentialist case for affirmative action.     

Randomized experiments in criminology: What have we learned in the last two decades?

This paper aims to review randomized experiments in criminology with offending outcomes and reasonably large numbers that were published between 1982 and 2004. A total of 83 experiments are summarized, compared with only 35 published between 1957 and 1981: 12 on policing, 13 on prevention, 14 on corrections, 22 on courts, and 22 on community interventions. Randomized experiments are still relatively uncommon, but there have been more large-scale multi-site experiments and replication programs. There have also been several experiments in which 100 or more places were randomly assigned. Relatively few experiments (only 10 out of 83) were conducted outside the United States. Meta-analyses suggest that prevention methods, correctional therapy, batterer programs, drug courts, juvenile restitution and deterrent policing were effective in reducing offending, while Scared Straight and boot camp programs caused a significant increase in offending.     

刑法的不得已性——中国话语下的刑法谦抑

在中国刑法的语境下，用“不得已”代替“谦抑”的提法比较合适。刑法的不得已是指刑罚对犯罪人的适用只能是为了保护更大多数人的权利而被迫剥夺犯罪人个人的基本权利。通过对人性、应然状态下的法律和刑法目的三个方面的分析，不得已性应该是刑法的根本属性。从实践上看，只有坚持不得已原则为指导，立法注入更多、更丰富的民主因素，司法符合常理、体现正义才是现代刑法危机的真正出路。