14岁青少年骨发育的变化趋势

目的描述当前我国14岁青少年手腕骨发育特征,并初步评估14岁的青少年骨发育的变化趋势。方法以湖南娄底地区14岁青少年为对象(男53人,女56人),拍摄左手腕部X线片,参照顾氏图谱法描述各选定观察部位并分析发育特征,将统计结果与顾氏图谱法14岁骨龄标准进行比较分析。结果与顾氏法相比,男生组桡骨远端、第1掌骨近端和近节第4指骨骨骺发育程度较高,而女生组桡骨远端、第2～5掌骨、第1～5近节指骨和第2～5中节指骨骨骺发育程度较高。结论当前我国14岁青少年骨发育存在提前趋势,在女生组尤为显著。14岁是刑事责任年龄点之一,法医推断该年龄时应注意该特征对推断结果的影响。     

Introduction: Dimensions of Sino–Japanese rivalry in a global context

Abstract

This special issue analyzes the evolving notion of Sino–Japanese rivalry and its effects on concrete foreign policy measures of both states in a global context. China’s emergence as a great power and Japan’s attempts to ‘normalize’ its foreign relations took place alongside both countries increasing their political engagement in world regions beyond Northeast Asia. As a result, there has been increasing mutual monitoring of and increasing concern expressed about the intentions and actions of the respective other on these different levels of world politics. This has largely been neglected in the literature. This special issue closes the gap in the literature by providing answers to the following questions: Is there a Sino–Japanese rivalry in the first place? Which factors define this rivalry? Are there different levels and/or kinds of rivalry? Which factors influence Sino–Japanese rivalry in different regions and on different levels of the international system? Do these factors differ across regional and institutional boundaries? Answering these questions requires us to conceptualize what is meant by rivalry as well as to focus on Sino–Japanese interaction in different world regions and on the level of international institution building. This special issue also contributes to the literature on interstate rivalry by challenging common understandings of the concept of rivalry and by adding new facets and interpretation of rivalry based on the concrete empirical cases. It will therefore provide a broadened perspective on the characteristics of Sino–Japanese relations, the mutual impacts of Japan’s and China’s globalizing foreign policies, and on our understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of interstate rivalries.     

Analysis of the First- and Second-Generation Raving Dragon Novelty Bath Salts Containing Methylone and Pentedrone

In recent years, a large number of designer drugs sold as “Bath Salts” have appeared on the market. In July of 2011, Raving Dragon Novelty Bath Salts was obtained over the Internet. This product became unavailable in October of that year coinciding with the DEA issuing a temporarily schedule of mephedrone, methylone, and MDPV. Four months later in February of 2012, a new product was released from the same company under the new name Raving Dragon Voodoo Dust. The contents of both products were identified using spectroscopy methods: nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, UV–visible, tandem mass spectrometry, and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It was determined that Raving Dragon Novelty Bath Salts contained methylone. The replacement product Raving Dragon Voodoo Dust contained the unscheduled drug pentedrone. The Raving Dragon brand of products illustrates the rapid change of ingredients in these products to circumvent laws restricting availability, distribution, and use.     

America in the Eyes of America Watchers: survey research in Beijing in 2012

Based on an original survey conducted in the summer of 2012 in Beijing, we examine how China's America watchers—IR scholars who work on US-China relations—have viewed China's power status in the international system, US-China relations and some specific US policies in Asia. Our survey shows that almost half of the survey participants thought that America would remain the global hegemon in the next ten years. Meanwhile, a large majority was also optimistic that China is a rising great power, especially in the economic sense, in the world. More than half of the respondents saw Asian military issues, such as the South China Sea issue, as the most difficult problem between China and the US.     

民法典高空抛物致害责任规则的体系性解读:局限与克服

高空抛物致害责任自入法之日起即饱受批评,又因司法适用中存在一定漏洞而引发质疑。将高空抛物致害责任置于不确定加害人责任框架下进行体系性解读,有利于重新认识和评估立法上设定这一责任规则的正当性和局限性。不确定加害人责任既不符合固有侵权责任构成理论的预期,也未遵循传统诉讼理论在证明责任上的一贯立场,为了缓和其内在局限和避免发生泛用,须就不确定被告的范围、责任形式及举证负担等适用条件作出限制。立法上设定高空抛物致害责任规则时亦应注意其局限克服。我国民法典第1254条通过修正和完善其适用条件,深化了侵权责任法第87条确立的限制观念,具有明显的进步性。然而,民法典作为一部基本法,其规定难以包罗万象,高空抛物致害责任规则的适用漏洞仍需要通过司法解释、基于法官的个案经验进行填补。     

在实践观的基础上建立与现代市场经济相适应的伦理文化

市场经济是一种奠基于一定的价值共识基础上的社会协调过程,它需要有与之相适应的主体间伦理原则做基础,而这种伦理原则需要相应的以价值合理性为基础的伦理文化来维系和支撑.中外思想家对主体间伦理进行了多种价值合理性的证明,为主体间的伦理文化提供了丰富的思想资源,但都没有为这种伦理文化找到真实的基础.马克思的实践观实现了人类思想史上的根本性变革,以崭新的思维方式为与市场经济相适应的主体间伦理文化找到了真实的基础.     

学分制背景下提高高校班级凝聚力的路径

在当今高校普遍采取学分制培养模式的背景下,高校班级学生流动性加强,班级凝聚力明显滑坡。但与此同时,班级凝聚力建设对于人才培养具有明确的导向功能、整合功能和教育功能,对帮助大学生顺利适应大学生活,促进身心健康和全面发展具有非常重要的积极作用,因此,在学生工作中应充分重视加强高校班级凝聚力建设,并在深入研究的基础上提出切实可行的提高高校班级凝聚力建设的路径,以求促进高校学生工作相关理论与实务的发展。     

三种方法计算气胸CT影像的肺萎陷程度比较

目的探讨临床经验法、手工边界勾画法和软件自动分析法在基于CT影像的气胸致肺萎陷程度计算上的优劣,从而推荐一种客观科学高效的肺萎陷程度计算方法。方法通过三种方法分别计算54例气胸患者的肺萎陷百分比,比较三种方法在计算效率、结果的相关性、准确性、稳定性等方面的差异。结果临床经验法、软件自动分析法与目前公认的手工边界勾画法的结果间存在线性相关(P<0.01),软件自动分析法的准确性更高;在5级及3级分类法中,三种方法之间存在显著一致性,软件自动分析法与手工边界勾画法在百分比判定上的一致性更好;单侧气胸的肺萎陷百分比的一致率高于双侧气胸;同时,软件自动分析法在计算结果的高效性、稳定性等方面具有优势。结论软件自动分析法可以解决现有CT影像的肺萎陷程度计算方法中效率低和稳定性欠佳的问题,且具有准确性高、可操作性强的特点,适合在法医临床实践中广泛应用。