改革开放以来党的执政理念与时俱进的历史考察

全心全意为人民谋福利,是中国共产党全部执政理念的基础.领导人民发展生产力,创造财富,促进社会全面进步;保证最广大人民群众能够获得看得见的利益,满足人民群众不断增长的物质文化需要,共享社会劳动成果,是实现党的执政理念的两个基本要求.自20世纪70年代末以来,随着我国社会生产力和人民群众物质文化需要的不断增长,党的执政理念也在实践中不断升华,与时俱进.这里,谨对改革开放以来邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛三位领导人的执政理念及继承与发展的内在联系做一个简要的梳理和思考.     

Sudden death due to congenital pericardial defect: an autopsy case

Pericardial defects are rare in childhood and outcome is usually benign. Patients may be asymptomatic, but chest pain, emboli, arrhythmia, and sudden death have been described in the literature. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who suddenly died after mild exercise. A left-sided pericardial defect with a diameter of 8 cm was detected on medico-legal autopsy.     

德国社区矫正概览

2005年6月12日至7月2日,司法部社区矫正业务培训团在德国进行了为期21天的培训交流。培训团先后到德国曼海姆大学法学院、曼海姆州法院、曼海姆青少年保护局、哈瑙家庭和青年人帮助协会、法兰克福律师事务所国际业务处、卡塞尔第二社会治疗院、卡塞尔地方法院、黑森州缓刑帮助者协会、柏林司法部、柏林司法部社会服务处、柏林青少年拘留所等单位进行培训交流。德方各接待单位分别就德国的法律体系、刑事司法概况、刑罚制度及执行理念,特别是缓刑帮助制度及实践等作了详细介绍。一、德国社区矫正的理念、制度与实践(一)德国社区矫正的涵义1、…     

补肾益精方对去势大鼠椎体结构、成分与生物力学性能的影响

目的:评价补肾益精方提高去势大鼠椎体骨质量的有效性,探讨本方改善模型松质骨生物力学性能的作用机制.方法:40只12月龄Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、补肾益精方组与倍美力组,每组10只.给药组的给药时点是双侧卵巢切除术后90 d,给药组与非给药组的处死时点是卵巢切除术或假切除术后180 d.处死以后,分别测定各组大鼠第二腰椎宏观几何结构参数、生物化学成分参数、生物力学性能参数.结果:模型对照组的腰椎宏观几何结构参数与正常对照组比较,未见显著性差异(P>0.05);补肾益精方组、倍美力组与模型对照组比较,也均未见显著性差异(P>0.05).模型对照组的生物化学成分参数与正常对照组比较,其中骨矿盐密度显著减少(P<0.05),骨胶原密度减少不显著(P>0.05);补肾益精方组、倍美力组与模型对照组比较,补肾益精方组的骨矿盐密度与骨胶原密度分别上升3%(P<0.05)和8%(P>0.05),倍美力组分别上升9%(P<0.05)和12%(P>0.05).模型对照组的结构力学参数以及材料力学参数都显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05);尤其在弹性阶段的结构力学参数与材料力学参数方面,补肾益精方组比模型对照组显著升高(P<0.05),但是倍美力组升高不显著(P>0.05);在塑性阶段的结构力学参数与材料力学参数方面,补肾益精方组、倍美力组与模型对照组比较均明显升高(P<0.05),两者升高的幅度分别是30.3%与25.8%.结论:补肾益精方不仅提高去势大鼠椎体的骨质量,改善模型椎体弹性阶段的力学性能的作用也相对优于倍美力,具体机制有待进一步研究.     

Modernist discourse and the crisis of development theory

The field of Third World studies is thought once again to be in a state of crisis, thanks largely to disillusionment with the once-dominant dependency “paradigm.” Amidst renewed interest in developmentalism and the clamor for an alternative to dependency, this article argues, first, that the major achievements of dependency theory remain largely unrecognized because the approach has been so frequently misrepresented or misunderstood. Whatever the ultimate status of dependency’s theoretical claims, it contains elements of a countermodernist attitude which ought to be retained in any new approach to the study of Third World development. Second, the article argues that, despite these accomplishments, dependency remains trapped, along with developmentalism, within a modernist discourse which relies on the principles of nineteenth century liberal philosophy; that it treats the individual nation-state in the Third World as the sovereign subject of development; and that it accepts the Western model of national autonomy with growth as the appropriate one to emulate. The final section of the article discusses the efforts of a number of scholars to ground knowledge in local histories and experiences rather than building theory through the use of general conceptual categories and Western assumptions. Although these ideas currently remain on the margins of Third World studies, it is to be hoped that dependency’s loss of intellectual hegemony has at least opened up a space for them to be taken seriously, in the same way that dependency was itself taken seriously in the late 1960s. Kate Manzo is assistant professor of political science at Williams College in Williamstown, MA 01267. Her research and writing interests focus on theories of development and on the nature of South African change. She is currently at work on a book entitledAfrikanerdom and Race: The Nature of Ideology in a Changing Society.