Reviews

Gordon B. Smith, Soviet Politics: Continuity and Contradiction. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan Education, 1988. xi + 388 pp. £30.00 h/b, £8.95 p/b.

Daniel Thorniley, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Rural Communist Party. 1927 39. London: Macmillan Press, 1988, xiii + 246 pp., £29.50.

Zenovia A. Sochor, Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov‐Lenin Controversy, Cornell University Press, 1988, $32.95 ($29.95 USA and Canada.

Robert Edelman, Proletarian Peasants. The Revolution of 1905 in Russia's Southwest. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987, xv + 195 pp., no price.

Robert W. Thurston, Liberal City, Conservative State: Moscow and Russia's Urban Crisis, 1906 1914. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987, viii + 266 pp., £27.50.

Douglas R. Weiner, Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation, and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia. Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1988, xiv + 312 pp., $35.00.

Werner G. Hahn, Democracy in a Communist Party: Poland's experience since 1980. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987, xxv + 368 pp., $42.00.

Jaroslav Bilocerkowycz, Soviet Ukrainian Dissent: a Study of Political Alienation. Boulder: Westview Press, 1988, xii + 242 pp., $27.50 p/b.

Petro R. Sodol, UPA: They fought Hitler and Stalin, New York: Committee for the World Convention and Reunion of Soldiers in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, 1987, 128 pp., $12.00.

Bruce McFarlane, Yugoslavia: Politics, Economics and Society. London and New York: Pinter Publishers, 1988, xxii + 240 pp., £25.00 h/b., £8.95 p/b.     

Success and Failure in Environment Policy: The Role of Policy Officials

This paper reports on interviews conducted between 2010 and 2013 with senior officials involved in Australian federal environmental policies over the past 30 years. It examines whether they have a prior sense of whether an environment policy is likely to succeed and their experience of the key factors driving environment policy success. Most interviewees claimed a strong prior sense of policy outcomes, but their expression of the key factors indicating success (consultation, clear objectives, a clear mandate, and a strong evidence base) varies from the usual emphases found in the public policy literature. The research illuminates the ways in which the policy officials at times exert a greater role than that suggested by the Westminster conventions or the policy theory literature. Not emphasised in the literature, yet pivotal for success in the vexed space of environmental policy, was the self‐directed yet at times skilful policy ‘agency’ exhibited by officials.     

Polycentric Governance and Irrigation Reform in Kenya

In Kenya, as in many developing countries, centralized control over water resources was implemented to improve agricultural productivity. By the 1980s, however, Kenya's postindependence policies of bureaucratic control were in disarray, and conflicts over water use were common. More recently, Kenya has embarked on a series of reforms that create a polycentric approach to water governance, in which decision making about water resources is shared among multiple, overlapping local, regional, and national authorities. Drawing on archival and field research, we examine these reforms in their historic context and argue that whereas centralized control was poorly adapted to the Kenyan context, polycentric governance is better suited to Kenya's variable social and ecological conditions and the available resources of its administrative agencies.     

B. Reviews: general

EARLY ISLAM: COLLECTED ARTICLES. By W. MONTGOMERY WATT. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1990. xi, 207pp.

THE KINGDOM OF CYPRUS AND THE CRUSADES 1191–1374. By PETER W. EDBURY. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xvi, 241 pp. £27.50 (hb).

MAMLOUKS, OTTOMANS ET PORTUGAIS EN MER ROUGE: L'AFFAIRE DE DJEDDA EN 1517. By JEAN‐LOUIS BACQUE‐GRAMMONT & ANNE KR(ELL. (Supplément aux Annales islamologiques, Cahier no.12). Le Caire, Publication de l'Institut français d'Archéologie orientale, 1988. 113 pp. 2 sketches, 4 pages of maps, 1 pull‐out table.

A SHI'ITE PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA 1885–1886: THE SAFARNAMEH OF MIRZA MOHAMMAD HOSAYN FARAHANI. By MIRZA MOHAMMAD HOSAYN FARAHANI, ed., translated and annotated by HAFEZ FARMAYAN and ELTON L. DANIEL. London, Saqi Books, 1991. xxii, 380pp. £29.95 (hb).

ISLAMIC REFORM: POLITICS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN LATE OTTOMAN SYRIA. By DAVID DEAN COMMINS. Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press, 1990. 199pp.

RIYADH: THE OLD CITY. By WILLIAM FACEY. London, Immel, 1992. 370 + 14pp., 17 maps and plans, 94 illustrations. £29.95.

THE STUDY OF ARABIC IN MALTA, 1632 TO 1915. By DIONISIUS AGIUS. Translated from the Maltese by Vincenz P. Borg. Revised and edited by Francine Geraci. Louvain, Peeters, 1990. xii, 52pp. 3 illustrations.

ARAB VOICES: THE HUMAN RIGHTS DEBATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST. By KEVIN DWYER. London, Routledge, 1991. 245 pp. $12.95.

SUPERPOWERS AND CLIENT STATES IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE IMBALANCE OF INFLUENCE. Edited by MOSHE EFRAT and JACOB BERCOVITCH. London, Routledge, 1991. 272 pp.

STATECRAFT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: OIL, HISTORICAL MEMORY AND POPULAR CULTURE. Edited by ERIC DAVIS and NICOLAS GAVRIELIDES. Miami, Florida International University Press, 1991. 274 pp. $30.76 (hb), $13.82 (pb).

TRIBE AND STATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST. Edited by PHILIP S. KHOURY and JOSEPH KOSTINER. London, Taurus, 1991. 352pp. £35.

HONOR AND GRACE IN ANTHROPOLOGY. Edited by J.G. PERISTIANY and JULIAN PITT‐RIVERS. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xiii, 260pp., 11 pp. illustrations. £35.00 (hb).

THE MODERN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST IN ITS WORLD CONTEXT. Edited by GEORGES SABAGH. (Tenth Giorgio Levi Delia Vida Biennial Conference.) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 161pp.

ISLAMIC FINANCIAL MARKETS. Edited by RODNEY WILSON. London, Routledge, 1990. 242 pp.

BATISSEURS ET BUREAUCRATES: INGENIEURS ET SOCIETE AU MAGHREB ET AU MOYEN ORIENT. Edited by ELIZABETH LONGUENESSE. (Collection Etudes sur le Monde Arabe, 4.) Lyon, Maison de l'Orient Mediterranéen, 1991. 437pp.

POLITICS AND ECONOMY IN JORDAN. By RODNEY WILSON. London, Routledge, 1991. xiv, 243pp. £35.00.

TRIBES WITH FLAGS: A DANGEROUS PASSAGE THROUGH THE CHAOS OF THE MIDDLE EAST. By CHARLES GLASS. New York, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1990. US$22.95 (cloth).

PITY THE NATION: LEBANON AT WAR. By ROBERT FISK. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991. xix, 662pp. Maps. £6.99 (pb).

WHO'S AT THE HELM? LESSONS OF LEBANON. By RAYMOND TANTER. Boulder, Westview Press, 1990. x, 262pp. Maps.

RELIGION AND CUSTOM IN A MUSLIM SOCIETY: THE BERTI OF SUDAN. By LADISLAV HOLY. (Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, 78.) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xi, 243pp. 12 figs. Map. £30.00.

THE TRAGEDY OF THE TURKISH CAPITAL TAX. By FAIK OKTE. London, Croom Helm, 1987. 95 pp.

BARTERED BRIDES. By NANCY TAPPER. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xx, 309pp. £32.50 ($54.50).

MUSLIM FAMILIES IN NORTH AMERICA. Edited by EARLE H. WAUGH, SHARON McIRVIN ABU‐LABAN and REGULA BURCKHARDT QURESHI. Canada, University of Alberta Press, 1991. xiv, 370 pp. $39.95.

AFRICANISMO Y ORIENTALISMO ESPANOL, in AWRAQ: ESTUDIOS SOBRE EL MUNDO ARABE E ISLAMICO CONTEMPORANEO. Edited by VICTOR MORALES LEZCANO. (Anejo al Volumen XI.) Madrid, Agencia Espanola de Cooperation Internacional, Universidad Nacional de Education a Distancia, 1990. 217pp.

VEILED HALF‐TRUTHS. WESTERN TRAVELLERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF MIDDLE EASTERN WOMEN. By JUDY MABRO. London, Tauris, 1991. x, 275pp.     

Reviews

Thomas Remington (ed.), Parliaments in Transition. The New Legislative Politics in the Former USSR and Eastern Europe. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994, vii + 246pp.

Carlos Taibo, La disolución de la URSS. Barcelona: Ronsel, 1994, xii + 376 pp., 1900 pesetas.

Miroslav Shkandrij, Modernists, Marxists and the Nation. The Ukrainian Literary Discussion of the 1920s. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, University of Alberta, 1992, xii + 265 pp.

Don C. Rawson, Russian Rightists and the Revolution of 1905. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, xvi + 286 pp., £40.00 h/b, £19.95 p/b.

Mary Schaeffer Conroy, In Health and in Sickness: Pharmacy, Pharmacists and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Late Imperial, Early Soviet Russia. New York: East European Monographs, Boulder, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1994, viii + 703 pp., h/b, No price.

William Millinship, Frontline: Women of the New Russia. London: Methuen, 1993, xxi + 297 pp., £9.99 p/b.

Sebastian Siebel‐Achenbach, Lower Silesia from Nazi Germany to Communist Poland, 1942–1949. London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1994, vii + 381 pp., £47.50.

John Erickson & David Dilks (eds), Barbarossa. The Axis and the Allies. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994, xii + 287 pp., £25.00

Yuri Pavlov, Soviet‐Cuban Alliance; 1959–1991. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 1994, iv + 272 pp., $18.95.

Joshua Fogel, The Cultural Dimension of Sino‐Japanese Relations: Essays on the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1995, 216 pp., £40.00 h/b, £16.00 p/b     

The New Governance of French Education?

This article contributes to ongoing debates in comparative public administration through exploring the governance paradigm in the unfavourable empirical terrain of French education. After identifying potentially relevant features of governance, we investigate changing patterns of policy-making in French education at macro, meso and micro levels. Extrapolating research findings from extensive interviews and participant observation at ministerial meetings, we conclude the existence of a French-style governance that operates within distinctive ideational and institutional environments and interest structures. The article emphasizes the importance of historical and institutional traditions in framing the available pathways of governance.     

Factors Associated with Separation and Ongoing Violence among Women with Civil Protective Orders

This study examined a large sample of women recruited out of court at the time they received a civil protective order to better understand relationship status after obtaining a protective order (PO) and factors associated with protective order violations. Results are consistent with prior research suggesting that the protective order may be the impetus in separating from the abusive partner for some women, while for other women it is part of the separation process. Results also indicated that five out of ten women who did not continue a relationship experienced a violation while seven out of ten women who did continue a relationship with the PO partner experienced a violation. The majority of women felt safer and reported they believed the protective order was effective 13 months post-PO, regardless of relationship status. Furthermore, stalking played a significant role in separation from an abusive relationship and in protective order violations regardless of relationship status. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Reliability of Third Molar Development for Age Estimation in a Texas Hispanic Population: A Comparison Study*

Abstract: Evaluating third molars from 950 Hispanic individuals aged 12–22 years using Demirjian’s schematic for crown and root formation found that Hispanic third molar development was 8–18 months faster than American Caucasians as reported by Mincer, Harris and Berryman in 1993. This represents a statistically significant increase. Earlier development was more apparent in the later stages F through H. Hispanic males reach developmental stages faster than Hispanic females and maxillary third molars reach developmental stages faster than mandibular third molars in both sexes. The earliest age observed for stages B–H (e.g., Stage H first observed at age 13.92 years in females) and the oldest age observed for Stages B–G were developed to facilitate age prediction of unknown individuals. Prediction tables for minimum and maximum age for an observed stage (e.g., if a female maxillary third molar is stage F it means she is older than 13 years) for each sex‐jaw group were calculated.