全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 9712篇 |
| 免费 | 115篇 |
专业分类
| 各国政治 | 471篇 |
| 工人农民 | 414篇 |
| 世界政治 | 572篇 |
| 外交国际关系 | 400篇 |
| 法律 | 5859篇 |
| 中国共产党 | 3篇 |
| 中国政治 | 61篇 |
| 政治理论 | 1963篇 |
| 综合类 | 84篇 |
出版年
| 2020年 | 121篇 |
| 2019年 | 161篇 |
| 2018年 | 210篇 |
| 2017年 | 236篇 |
| 2016年 | 223篇 |
| 2015年 | 170篇 |
| 2014年 | 170篇 |
| 2013年 | 1070篇 |
| 2012年 | 251篇 |
| 2011年 | 258篇 |
| 2010年 | 204篇 |
| 2009年 | 226篇 |
| 2008年 | 280篇 |
| 2007年 | 249篇 |
| 2006年 | 272篇 |
| 2005年 | 251篇 |
| 2004年 | 255篇 |
| 2003年 | 220篇 |
| 2002年 | 232篇 |
| 2001年 | 279篇 |
| 2000年 | 281篇 |
| 1999年 | 201篇 |
| 1998年 | 143篇 |
| 1997年 | 140篇 |
| 1996年 | 121篇 |
| 1995年 | 117篇 |
| 1994年 | 112篇 |
| 1993年 | 120篇 |
| 1992年 | 194篇 |
| 1991年 | 204篇 |
| 1990年 | 190篇 |
| 1989年 | 186篇 |
| 1988年 | 172篇 |
| 1987年 | 186篇 |
| 1986年 | 183篇 |
| 1985年 | 175篇 |
| 1984年 | 166篇 |
| 1983年 | 175篇 |
| 1982年 | 100篇 |
| 1981年 | 102篇 |
| 1980年 | 78篇 |
| 1979年 | 110篇 |
| 1978年 | 80篇 |
| 1977年 | 80篇 |
| 1976年 | 64篇 |
| 1975年 | 65篇 |
| 1974年 | 67篇 |
| 1973年 | 81篇 |
| 1972年 | 67篇 |
| 1968年 | 53篇 |
排序方式： 共有9827条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
331.
332.
Kelli E. Canada Virginia Aldige Hiday 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2014,25(3):321-340
Mental health courts (MHCs) operate on the principles of procedural justice (PJ). PJ highlights the importance of process over outcomes in encounters with authority. Subjective perceptions of having voice, being heard by decision-makers, and being treated with respect and concern by figures of authority are influential in assessment of fairness and in cooperation with decisions, regardless of favorability of the outcome. In this paper, we investigate MHC participant perception of PJ in interactions with MHC staff and the association between perceptions and recidivism (i.e. time in jail, new arrests, and probation violations), treatment adherence, and MHC termination. Participants from two MHC programs (n?=?80) took part in this study. Results suggest that perception of PJ during interactions with the entire MHC team is significantly associated with program termination, but not with participant behaviors during MHC. Implications for MHC practitioners and researchers are discussed. 相似文献
333.
Keith Krause 《Global Policy》2014,5(2):229-234
Effective civil society activism in the high politics realm of international peace and security has not received sustained scholarly attention, and, at least until recently, was considered a ‘hard case,’ compared to other issue areas. This article reviews recent civil society efforts and assesses, in a preliminary fashion, some of the preconditions and constraints on transnational civil society activism in a range of security issues, from antipersonnel landmines to antinuclear campaigns. It concludes that high levels of policy uncertainty, the possibility of issue reframing, significant resources, and strategic partnerships are all key ingredients for effective civil society engagement. Conversely, vague or diffuse goals, the absence of state engagement, and policy stovepipes, all stand as obstacles to transnational activism. 相似文献
334.
Bleddyn E. Bowen 《Astropolitics》2014,12(1):46-68
The term space security is often used, but seldom analyzed. This is a significant gap in the literature of space politics, as it posits considerable implications for debates on how to deal with a runaway growth in the space debris population, and how we argue for or against space weaponization. Securitizing all threats in space may lead to greater difficulties in enacting debris removal measures, as these systems are inherently dual-use. A case is made for keeping space security in its traditional connotations of national security so that environmental issues related to orbital debris can be resolved with reduced security concerns in a space development framing. 相似文献
335.
Dorothy E. Roberts 《社会福利与家庭法律杂志》2014,36(4):426-437
The over-representation of black children in US out of home care results from racial bias in placement decisions and a political choice to address startling rates of child poverty by investigating parents instead of tackling poverty's societal roots. The impact of state disruption and supervision of African American families is intensified when it is concentrated in inner-city neighbourhoods – the system's ‘racial geography.’ A small case study of a black neighbourhood in Chicago with high rates of out of home placement found profound effects on both family and community social relationships, as well as reliance on child protective services for financial assistance, linking surveillance of black families to the neoliberal shrinking of public programmes. The surveillance of African American women by the child welfare system is also intensified by these women's disproportionate involvement in the prison system. Acknowledging racial bias in child welfare reveals the need to radically transform the system from one that relies too much on punitive disruption of families to one that generously supports them. 相似文献
336.
AbstractSince its inception, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has, in a rather self-evident manner, treated animals as objects of trade: Animals must be either goods or natural resources subject to the terms and conditions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). However, broader public and legal efforts to recategorize animals from goods to “sentient beings,” which are emerging across the world, are casting serious doubt on these assumptions. Using animals’ subjectivity as a starting point, a new and bourgeoning strand of anthropological, ethical, and political studies argues that animals should properly be recognized as working subjects. Be it guide dogs, truffle hogs, logging elephants, or dairy cows—working animals, they argue, are owed wholly new legal and ethical duties. This article builds on these arguments to examine the consequences of “animal labor” for trade law: Are animals wrongly classified as commodities or resources? Is there a need and room to recognize animals as service providers under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)? What are the legal consequences of this proposed change? This article sets out to answer these questions and argues that recognizing animals as workers in trade law is conceptually coherent and can play a crucial role in empowering states to protect animals effectively at the international level. 相似文献
337.
CHARLES E. LOEFFLER 《犯罪学》2013,51(1):137-166
Ex‐prisoners consistently manifest high rates of criminal recidivism and unemployment. Existing explanations for these poor outcomes emphasize the stigmatizing effects of imprisonment on prisoners seeking postrelease employment as well as the deleterious effects of imprisonment on prisoners’ attitudes and capabilities. However, these explanations must be distinguished from selection effects in the criminal sentencing process, which also could explain some or all of these poor outcomes. To distinguish between criminogenic and selection explanations for ex‐prisoners’ postrelease experience, I analyze data from a natural experiment in which criminal cases were assigned randomly to judges with sizable sentencing disparities. Using these exogenous sentencing disparities, I produce unbiased estimates of the causal effects of imprisonment on the life course. The results of this analysis suggest that selection effects could be sufficiently large to account for prisoners’ poor postrelease outcomes because judges with large sentencing disparities in their use of imprisonment had similarly high caseload unemployment and criminal recidivism rates. 相似文献
338.
The general inadequacy of the sources of data in criminal justice for evaluation and planning has been apparent for some time. Among those factors which contribute to the inadequacy of much crime data are the following: (1) generally it is limited to one particular stage of criminal processing; (2) measurements are in the form of summary statistics; (3) it is specific to one agency in that each collects and reports its own summary tabulations; (4) the unit of count changes with different organizational structures. In sum, existing sources of data frequently measure only one temporal point and this fails to reflect the dynamic aspects of criminal processing. Similarly, many of the analytic techniques used for evaluation are static and do not reflect the dynamic aspect of the system.
In light of such considerations, this paper explores the utility of various dynamic-analytic techniques in conjunction with longitudinal sources of data. The following include some of the more important implications for future evaluation. First, the development of a sophisticated systems model to assist in the selection and verification of outcome measures. Second, a reconceptualization of the outcome measures normally used in evaluation studies in order to conceive of the total system as a critical outcome measure in evaluative studies. Third, the development of a model to assist in the planning process that precedes evaluation. This may be accomplished by providing a mechanism for the simulation of change, thus predicting the future impact of changes in the system. 相似文献
339.
Kofi E. Boakye 《国际比较与应用刑事审判杂志》2013,37(4):257-278
Research on juvenile delinquency has focused almost exclusively on western societies with the consequence that very little is known about delinquency and its associated factors outside this context. The aim of this study is to investigate correlates and predictors of juvenile delinquency in Ghana, a developing country. Analysis of data from a sample of 264 boys showed theft as the most common juvenile offense in Ghana. Individual factors were strongly related to juvenile delinquency compared with family factors and perceived neighborhood condition. The best predictor of juvenile delinquency was academic difficulties. Most childrearing variables failed to predict delinquency in Ghana. The findings indicate not only similarities but also important differences particularly with regard to conceptualization and relation between parental childrearing and delinquency. 相似文献
340.
Despite the increase in the number of females incarcerated, there is a paucity of research concerning female life-sentenced inmates in the United States. Using a nationally representative data set containing the largest known sample of this population, the present research examines the pre-incarceration traumatic experiences of female life-sentenced inmates. The results indicate that these women are more likely to experience traumatic events, in particular abuse, than either male life-sentenced inmates or female inmates in general. Logistic regression analyses reveal a significant association between abuse and a life sentence in both gender-specific models. 相似文献