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Watanabe K Ikegaya H Hirayama K Motani H Iwase H Kaneko H Fukushima H Akutsu T Sakurada K 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(Z1):S183-S187
ABO genotyping is often performed to identify the blood type of decomposed samples, which is difficult to be determined by a serological test. In this study, we developed a simple method for ABO genotyping using a DNA chip. In this method, polymerase chain reaction-amplified and fluorescent-labeled fragments in the ABO gene and primate-specific D17Z1 were hybridized with DNA probes on a chip designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABO gene and part of the D17Z1 sequence. Using blood samples from 42 volunteers and 10 animal species, we investigated whether the chip could be used to detect SNPs in the ABO gene and the D17Z1 sequence. This method was then applied to various forensic samples, and it was confirmed that this method was suitable for the simultaneous analyses of ABO genotyping and species identification. This method fulfills the recent need for the development of rapid and convenient methods for criminal investigations. 相似文献
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A Critical Theory of the "Rationality" of US Foreign Policy: The Case of the American War in Vietnam
Ken Cunningham 《New Political Science》2013,35(4):509-523
The attacks of September 11th, 2001, have increased the urgency of understanding the relationship between war-making and political culture. This essay uses Frankfurt School critical theory to analyze the development of the increasing "rationalization" of US foreign policy during the Cold War, focusing heuristically on the case of the US war in Vietnam. Particularly developing a Habermasian reading of these phenomena, the essay argues that, despite elite management and "steering" strategies, "subsystemic imperatives" are never completely "uncoupled" from the "cultural lifeworld." In the case of the US war in Vietnam, contradictions between elite political and economic instrumental rationalities and interests, and the broader American political culture and values, led to legitimation problems and loss of trust which have continued into the present period. 相似文献
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Trombka JI Schweitzer J Selavka C Dale M Gahn N Floyd S Marie J Hobson M Zeosky J Martin K McClannahan T Solomon P Gottschang E 《Forensic science international》2002,129(1):1-9
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASAs) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) have teamed up to explore the use of NASA developed technologies to help criminal justice agencies and professionals solve crimes. The objective of the program is to produce instruments and communication networks that have application within both NASA's space program and NIJ programs with state and local forensic laboratories. A working group of NASA scientists and law enforcement professionals has been established to develop and implement a feasibility demonstration program. Specifically, the group has focused its efforts on identifying gunpowder and primer residue, blood, and semen at crime scenes. Non-destructive elemental composition identification methods are carried out using portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) systems. These systems are similar to those being developed for planetary exploration programs. A breadboard model of a portable XRF system has been constructed for these tests using room temperature silicon and cadmium-zinc telluride (CZT) detectors. Preliminary tests have been completed with gunshot residue (GSR), blood-spatter and semen samples. Many of the element composition lines have been identified. Studies to determine the minimum detectable limits needed for the analyses of GSR, blood and semen in the crime scene environment have been initiated and preliminary results obtained. Furthermore, a database made up of the inorganic composition of GSR is being developed. Using data obtained from the open literature of the elemental composition of barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb) in handswipes of GSR, we believe that there may be a unique GSR signature based on the Sb to Ba ratio. 相似文献
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Conclusion Recently theory and scales measuring authoritarianism and cynicism of police have come into close scrutiny. In particular,
Langworthy (1987:28,33) has concluded from his review of 21 empirical studies that police cynicism appears to have several
different dimensions and that the “failure to detect cynicism or a factor closely related to it is a product of reliance on
a very flawed instrument the Niederhoffer index.” To address that criticism of a faulty instrument, this research has utilized
scales measuring directiveness and proauthority.
For reasons of alpha coefficients, only the scores on the pro-authority scale were analyzed. Mean scores on the pro-authority
scale between law officer, students, townspeople and police officers were not significantly different. When investigating
variables relating to the high scores of proauthority of police officers, rank was statistically significant while age was
not. For future research, separate population should be continued as well as random sampling. In addition, variables of age,
sex, ethnic, rank and departmental/organizational dimensions should be explored. 相似文献