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John Kerbs Ph.D. Kyubeom Choi Ph.D. Stephen Rollin Ed.D. Robert Gutierrez Ed.D. Isabelle Potts J.D. Jayme Harpring Ph.D. Alia H. Creason Ph.D. Tam Dao M.S. 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2005,30(1):121-141
Although past research has developed scales for the incidence, prevalence, and fear of student-on-student victimization (SSV),
little is known about the scaling of perceived risk (i.e., the cognitive appraisal of the chances of experiencing SSV). Hence,
this study examined self-report survey data for the perceived risk of SSV as measured in the Adolescent Index for School Safety
(AISS). Children in grades 7 through 10 (n=337) in a single Florida public school completed the AISS. Factor analyses using
Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Oblimin Rotation identified nine unique factors for perceived risk. Reliability analyses
found standardized Cronbach Alphas that ranged from .64 to .91, and seven out of the nine identified scales were above .80,
which suggested good to excellent internal consistency. Future research should examine the content validity, construct validity,
and predictive validity for the AISS and other self-report surveys of SSV dynamics.
This publication was made possible by a grant [#97-MU-FX-KO12 (S-l)] from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
(O.J.J.D.P.), United States Department of Justice (U.S.D.O.J.). This grant is administered through the Hamilton Fish National
Institute on School and Community Violence at George Washington University. This specific study was developed and implemented
by staff at: 1) East Carolina University’s Department of Criminal Justice; and 2) Florida State University’s Center for Educational
Research and Policy Studies. All points of view and opinions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent the official position or policies of East Carolina University, Florida State University, the Hamilton Fish National
Institute on School and Community Violence, the O.J.J.D.P., or the U.S.D.OJ. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bill
Doerner and Jennifer Jolley for their support, editorial feedback, and insightful comments regarding earlier drafts of this
paper. 相似文献
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The purpose of this survey was to determine the methods of analysis being used on gunshot residue (GSR) samples in forensic science laboratories across the United States. In addition, the two general techniques of GSR analysis are compared and contrasted. Problems encountered by analysts using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) are discussed. 相似文献
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One of the remedies sought by state and local officials for the growing burden of federal mandates is a mandate reimbursement law. A major purpose of mandate reimbursement is to deter Congress from imposing excessive costs on state and local governments by making it fully accountable for its actions. The paper begins by extending the economic theory of grants to mandates and reimbursed mandates. It goes on to assess the benefits and costs of mandate reimbursement, and to distinguish mandates that should be reimbursed, should a reimbursement program prove desirable, from those that should not. Then, using the economic theory of grants and mandates, the paper compares reimbursed mandates with two alternatives for accomplishing the same objective, compensating grants and procedural rules. It concludes that the latter are more promising than mandate reimbursement. 相似文献
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Kenneth Kernaghan 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1991,34(4):551-572
Abstract: Historically, the concept of career public service has received remarkably little attention in Canada. Career public service is, however, a central theme in the recent Public Service 2000 white paper on renewal of the federal public service. The challenge is to decide the extent to which the public service should adhere to the major principles of career public service relating to political neutrality, merit, open versus closed competitions, and career planning. There are significant barriers to achieving these principles, including conflict between some of the principles themselves. The extent to which career service will be achieved depends largely on the degree to which the vision of Public Service 2000 is realized. It is a vision of a new public service culture that is results-oriented and client-oriented and that is based on the precepts of service, innovation, people, and accountability. Among the obstacles to successful implementation of this vision are resistance by public service unions, lack of understanding about the magnitude of the commitment required to create a new public service culture, and the possible lack of political will to implement the white paper's proposals. Among the means by which the federal government can enhance the prospects for career service are a renewal of commitment to career service, including the allocation of more resources to career planning and development, and greater sensitivity to the threat of undue politicization of the public service. Sommaire: Historiquement, au Canada, le concept d'une fonction publique de carrière a bien peu retenu I'attention. Mais récemment, un livre blanc consacré au renouveau de la fonction publique, intituléFonction publique 2000, en a fait son thème central. L'enjeu, c'est de décider dans quelle mesure la fonction publique devrait adhérer aux principes fondamentaux d'une fonction publique axée sur des fonctionnaires de carrière, en ce qui concerne la neutralité politique, le mérite, les nominations en système ouvert ou fermé, et la planification de carriÈre. 相似文献
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Restoring accountability in pretrial release: the Philadelphia pretrial release supervision experiments 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
As drug arrests and jail overcrowding added pressure to increase pretrial release in localities during the 1980s and 1990s, the need to manage a larger and higher-risk pretrial population of defendants awaiting adjudication in the community became a high priority for justice agencies. In the late 1990s Philadelphia officials sought to discover the ingredients of a successful supervision strategy through four interlinked field experiments to provide an empirical basis for a major reform of the pretrial release system. The results of the linked randomized experiments question common assumptions about “supervision,” its impact and effectiveness, about the underlying nature of the noncompliant defendant, and deterrence implications. The study emphasizes the importance of interpreting the findings in the context of implementation of the policy reform. Findings suggest that facilitative notification strategies wield little influence on defendant behavior and that deterrent aims are undermined by the system's failure to deliver consequences for defendant noncompliance during pretrial release. The most significant contribution of the article is its illustration of a major evidence-based policy reform undertaken by a major court system. 相似文献