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171.
172.
Kevin T. Jackson 《Law and Philosophy》1993,12(2):157-192
This article asks whether a “law-as-integrity” approach to human rights adjudication provides a theoretical framework within
which to make sense of authoritative regional interpretations of basic human rights for the global community. To focus analysis,
I consider U.S. court interpretations of international human rights as an interpretive context. I argue that, with appropriate
modification so as to include the world community as a “community of principle” for purposes of human rights adjudication,
the law-as-integrity perspective permits disputes surrounding the legality of human rights to revolve around competing interpretive
claims backed up by justifying legal theories, rather than as ideological battles external to a juridical philosophy of rights. 相似文献
173.
Although previous literature focusing on perceptions of victims of rape has examined how gender, race, and culture influence the attitudes one holds toward victims, these studies have yielded mixed results. This study compared perceptions of victims of rape across a wide range of ages, educational backgrounds, religions, and income levels, while focusing on gender and racial differences. Results indicate (N = 220) that victims of rape are generally viewed more sympathetically by females than by males and by Whites than by African Americans. However, the effect of race disappears when socioeconomic variables are controlled, suggesting a more complex relationship. Also, a hierarchical regression indicates that age, sex, education, and income are significant predictors of attitudes toward victims. This study builds on existing research that examines such attitudes from a cultural perspective and extends this literature by examining the interactive effects of several demographic variables within a community sample. 相似文献
174.
Victimization incidence rates produced from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are a generally accepted annual
indicator of the amount and type of crime in the United States. However, persons who report a large number of similar victimizations—known
as series victimizations in the NCVS—are currently excluded in government reports of annual violent victimizations. This paper
quantifies the effect of series incident counting procedures on national estimates of violent victimization. The findings
suggest that these high-volume repeat victims can have a significant impact on the magnitude and distribution of violent victimization.
Current government counting rules that exclude series incidents do not include about three out of every five violent victimizations
and distorts the characterization and risk of violence in the United States. However, the inclusion of series incidents introduces
significant estimate instability. One remedy is to use prevalence rates in concert with incidence rates to present a more
complete and reliable picture of victimization.
相似文献
Michael PlantyEmail: |
175.
Developing greater cooperation between researchers and practitioners is a long‐standing concern in social science. Academics and practitioners working together to coproduce research offers a number of potential gains for public administration scholarship, but it also raises some dilemmas. The benefits include bringing local knowledge to bear on the field, making better informed policy, and putting research to better use. However, coproduction of research also involves managing ambiguous loyalties, reconciling different interests, and negotiating competing goals. The authors reflect on their experience of coproducing a research project in the United Kingdom and discuss the challenges that coproducers of research confront. They situate the discussion within a consideration of traditions of public administration scholarship and debates about the role of the academy to understand better the politics of their joint practice. Thinking about the politics of coproduction is timely and enables the authors to become more attuned to the benefits and constraints of this mode of research.. 相似文献
176.
Kevin Arceneaux 《American journal of political science》2012,56(2):271-285
Competition in political debate is not always sufficient to neutralize the effects of political rhetoric on public opinion. Yet little is known about the factors that shape the persuasiveness of political arguments. In this article, I consider whether cognitive biases influence the perceived strength of political arguments, making some arguments more persuasive than others. Lessons from neurobiology and recent political psychology research on emotion lead to the expectation that individuals are more likely to be persuaded by political arguments that evoke loss aversion via a fearful response—even in the face of a counterargument. Evidence from two experiments corroborates this expectation. I consider the normative implications of these empirical findings and potential avenues for future research. 相似文献
177.
Newell AJ Morgan RM Griffin LD Bull PA Marshall JR Graham G 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(5):1285-1289
Quartz sand surface texture analysis has been automated for the first time for forensic application. The derived Basic Image Features (BIFs) provide computer-generated texture recognition from preexisting data sets. The technique was applied to two distinct classification problems; first, the ability of the system to discriminate between (quartz) sand grains with upturned plate features (indicative of eolian, global sand sea environments) and grains that do not exhibit these features. A success rate of grain classification of 98.8% was achieved. Second, to test the ability of the computer recognition system to identify specific energy levels of formation of the upturned plate surface texture features. Such recognition ability has to date been beyond manual geological interpretation. The discrimination performance was enhanced to an exact classification success rate of 81%. The enhanced potential for routine forensic investigation of the provenance of common quartz sand is indicated. 相似文献
178.
In Europe, authorities frequently ask forensic laboratories to analyze seized cannabis plants to prove that cultivation was illegal (drug type and not fiber type). This is generally done with mature and flowering plants. However, authorities are often confronted with very young specimens. The aim of our study was to evaluate when the chemotype of cannabis plantlets can be surely determined through analysis of eight major cannabinoids content during growth. Drug-type seedlings and cuttings were cultivated, sampled each week, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The chemotype of clones was recognizable at any developmental stage because of high total Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations even at the start of the cultivation. Conversely, right after germination seedlings contained a low total THC content, but it increased quickly with plant age up, allowing chemotype determination after 3 weeks. In conclusion, it is not necessary to wait for plants' flowering to identify drug-type cannabis generally cultivated in Europe. 相似文献
179.
Chris Lewis 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2012,18(1):5-21
Other papers in this edition of the European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research use mainly statistics collected through the European Sourcebook on Crime and Justice Statistics but there are many other
sources of international statistics collected by different agencies for different purposes. This paper critically examines
the main current and planned collections of comparative data within the European community and wider international bodies.
Full Web references are given of available questionnaires and publications where these exist. It also discusses the importance
of comparative data generally and pitfalls in its interpretation and examines the guidelines published by international bodies
to assist with data collection on crime and justice. Finally, the future of comparative data collections is discussed and
recommendations are made. 相似文献
180.
Frederick Lewis 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2012,25(2):177-195
Shifts in the national cultural identity of the US have been reflected in shifts in the US?? dominant constitutional narratives. For the United States, ??inter-legality?? has been less a matter of dealing with alternative non-state legal narratives than of contending with constantly arising and competing narratives about the ??correct?? nature of the ??official?? legal order of the state. The US Supreme Court has claimed to have the ??last word?? in resolving these arguments but because that Court is so often sharply divided and because the Court membership and the nature of its ??last words?? changes so often, where a significant element of the society seeks to advance its ideas and interests, it will often do so in legal and constitutional terms. As the national culture undergoes changes, a competing constitutional narrative may gain ground and even ultimately prevail, at least for a time, and achieve Supreme Court ??endorsement?? for its claims. 相似文献