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61.
Proeve M Howells K 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2002,46(6):657-667
In this article, the authors build on previous discussions of the possible role of shame and guilt in sexual offending. They review the general psychological literature on shame and guilt and conclude that the distinction between internal and external shame is an important one in considering sexual offenders. The effects of shame and guilt on victim empathy and relapse are discussed, and it is proposed that the phenomena of shame and guilt have implications for treatment beyond those identified in previous studies. Shame is a salient feature in the initial presentation of many sexual offenders against children. Furthermore, aspects of the treatment of sexual offenders can be characterized as a shift from shame toward guilt. Implications of shame and guilt for treatment of sexual offenders are described. 相似文献
62.
Pollanen MS Smith CR Chiasson DA Cairns JT Young J 《Forensic science international》2002,126(2):101-104
Child death due to repeated episodes of physical assault or neglect has been termed the child abuse-maltreatment syndrome (CAMS). We characterized the injuries in a series of fatally abused or maltreated child to delineate objective diagnostic criteria for the CAMS for use by clinicians and pathologists. All deaths (age <17 years) investigated by the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario, Canada during the time period 1990-1995 were reviewed. Cases of CAMS were defined as death due to lethal recent injury or malnutrition in the presence of significant old (healing or healed) injuries indicative of repeated episode of inflicted trauma. The nature and frequency of the various injuries was determined. The frequency of the shaken baby syndrome, and the types and frequency of ano-genital injuries were also studied. Twenty-one cases of fatal CAMS were found in the study period. Most cases had significant recent head injury with intra-cranial hemorrhage (71%). Other significant recent injuries commonly observed included blunt injuries of the skin and soft tissues (67%), blunt abdominal trauma with visceral injuries (14%), and fractures (18%). Eight cases (38%) fulfilled accepted criteria for the shaken baby syndrome. Many children with fatal head injuries had evidence of older head trauma (38% of all cases). A significant minority of cases had evidence of malnutrition due to neglect (10%) or ongoing ano-genital injuries (10%). Most cases of child homicides due to repeated episodes of abuse or maltreatment involve head trauma including shaken baby syndrome. Fractures of long bone and ribs, the classical markers of child abuse, were relatively infrequent compared with head injury. A proportion of cases had ano-genital injuries due to repeated sexual abuse or punitive maltreatment. All clinicians and pathologists must recognize the wide spectrum of injuries in child abuse to ultimate protect the victim or other children in an at-risk situation. 相似文献
63.
Millions of Ugandan children have become orphaned over the last two decades, the primary cause being the increasing HIV/AIDS
epidemic. This phenomenon has prompted the government to institute numerous legal reforms. These internal reforms, implemented
in a legal environment based on English common law and increasingly, international standards, greatly influence the legal
inheritance rights of Ugandan orphans and their chances for prosperity. In many regions, however, the traditional local mores
trump both national and global standards, meaning that while Ugandan parents may own appreciable property upon death, their
children rarely receive it, but rather fall victim to “property grabbing” or mismanagement by relatives. The key impediments
to solving this problem and to Uganda’s adoption of a more egalitarian system of inheritance include the ineffectiveness of
local councils, the inadequate enforcement of the Children Stature, and the heavily centralized and cumbersome structure of
the national government. Therefore, significant reforms are needed, including the pronouncement of a national policy regarding
orphans, the reduction of national reliance on NGOs, and the restoration of a national legislative effort to codify orphans’
property rights. 相似文献
64.
There is little professional consensusregarding the effect of economic conditionson House Elections. We argue that recentwork still uses the paradigm of Party toorganize their data and tests. Given thatrecent developments in the theory ofcongress emphasize the paradigm ofIncumbency, we investigate the empiricalrelevance of that competing paradigm. Weshow that (1) Incumbency matters in a purePresidential Party Model of HouseElections, (2) Presidential Party mattersin a pure Incumbency Model, (3) Once bothParty and Incumbency are accounted for,economic conditions exert a highlysignificant and temporally stable influenceon House elections, (4) Return Rates aremore affected by economic fluctuations thanare Vote Shares, and (5) Not allPresidential Party incumbents face the samedegree of electoral accountability foreconomic fluctuations. 相似文献
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E S Traisman S Young B D Lifschultz H S Traisman I Benuck I Chasnoff 《Journal of forensic sciences》1988,33(1):267-271
This paper describes a case of a neonate with disseminated herpes simplex born to a 14-year-old asymptomatic mother. The infant's physical examination was normal at birth, and subsequent abnormalities were so subtle that infection was not recognized during life. Postmortem cultures of liver and spleen grew herpes simplex virus, and immunofluorescent direct antibody typing revealed Type 2. A cervical culture of the mother obtained after the infant's death was negative. 相似文献
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