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131.
Labour relations are an important chapter in economic and industrial development. Labour relations are divided into personal employer-employer relationship and collective relationship between employer and trade union. The collective relationship forms the core of the employees’ right to freedom of association. This article discusses the right of employees to freedom of association including the right to strike from the Islamic perspective. The Islamic principles applicable in this context are Maqasid-al-Shari’ah (the higher objective of Islamic law), Haqq and Jama’ah (the functional concepts in Islamic law). Freedom of association in labour relations which is basically a western concept suits the three Islamic principles and the Islamic principles are in line with the ILO standards and European law. This article is written by using pure legal research method, i.e. adopting a content analysis approach with the Islamic sources such as the Qur’an and Hadith as a point of reference. 相似文献
132.
Khalid Sekkat 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(9):1391-1409
Using a sample of around 500 large and small firms covering six industries in Morocco, the article investigates the relationship between a firm's training decision in 1999 and labour productivity in subsequent years. The analytical framework allows output to depend on unobserved-time-invariant firm characteristics and assumes that technical progress depends on training. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity among firms and correcting for potential self-selection and endogeneity bias, the estimation shows that the intensity of training has a significant and positive impact on productivity in small and medium enterprises. The finding is robust to the introduction of various control variables. 相似文献
133.
This paper represents the first attempt to formalise the relationship between remittances and social violence by developing a model that predicts that migrants’ remittances lead to the reduction of social violence in the recipient economy under the condition that remittances increase the average product of labour. Using homicide data as an indicator of social violence, we tested our model’s prediction. Controlling for the endogeneity problem with appropriate instruments, we found that remittances tend to reduce social violence. We performed sensitivity analysis on remittances in the empirical specification and found it robust with an unchanged negative sign. 相似文献
134.
Muhammad Haniff Bin Hassan 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(12):1033-1056
The primary objective of this article is to provide a map of Imam Samudra's thinking behind Bali bombing I as written in his book Aku Melawan Teroris to those who are not able to read the book in its original Indonesian language with an assumption that counterideological effort cannot be executed effectively without understanding the ideas held by terrorism perpetrators. To add value, the article also offers a comparative study between Samudra's thinking and Al Qaeda's ideology. It then points out and provides brief alternative viewpoints to Samudra's thinking. The article ends with some policy recommendations pertaining to counterideological work. 相似文献
135.
Jean-Paul Bernard Ingrid Havnes Lars Slørdal Helge Waal Jørg Mørland Hassan Z. Khiabani 《Forensic science international》2013,224(1-3):111-116
IntroductionThe use of methadone in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is potentially associated with a number of adverse effects and the risk of fatal toxicity. Increased methadone availability may lead to an increase in methadone-related deaths. We have investigated methadone-related deaths in Norway over the period 2000–2006.Materials and methodsMethadone-positive samples over the period 2000–2006 were identified from forensic toxicological investigations, and demographic and toxicological data were retrieved. The cases were cross-linked with the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and regional OMT registers.ResultsA total of 312 individuals had died after taking methadone over the period 2000–2006, predominantly men with a mean age of 36. In 85% of cases (n = 264), the deceased had died of a methadone-related intoxication, most often in combination with other drugs, including benzodiazepines, cannabis and other opioids. Only 22% of the deceased had been in OMT at the time of death. A larger proportion of OMT patients had died of causes other than intoxications compared to those not in OMT (30% vs. 8%, respectively), most commonly related to disease.ConclusionsOne methadone-related death occurred, on average, every week over the time period investigated. Only 22% of the deceased were registered in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) programs. The findings underline the need to control diversion of medication from OMT programs. 相似文献
136.
137.
Large players in the nanogame: dedicated nanotech subsidiaries or distributed nanotech capabilities?
Vincent Mangematin Khalid Errabi Caroline Gauthier 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2011,36(6):640-664
Nanotechnologies are reshaping the boundaries between industries, combining two aspects of innovation—both enhancing competences
based on cumulative knowledge and experience and destroying competences by forcing the renewal of the firm’s knowledge base.
To analyze how worldwide R&D leaders adapt to this new technology, we conduct an econometric analysis of about 3,000 subsidiaries
of the largest R&D spenders. We find that large groups are creating medium size subsidiary companies to explore nanotechnologies.
Knowledge circulates mostly amongst subsidiaries within the same group and scientific clusters do not affect their involvement
in nanotechnologies. Nanotechnologies remain marginal within these subsidiaries’ knowledge bases and are distributed within
corporate groups, stimulating recombination between nanotechnology and other technologies. 相似文献