公共政策创新的理论逻辑——以中国人事档案制度为研究对象

公共政策变迁是人类社会基本的正式制度变迁模式,是围绕集体行动而开展的自发的或通过人为安排的秩序演进过程.公共政策创新是公共政策变迁的必然阶段,是人类走向政治文明、社会和谐的有效制度安排.作为一项政策工具,人事档案制度一直以来强化着中国的身份管理和单位管理,对于中国的人事管理和国家安全做出了巨大贡献.然而,人事档案制度突出的应该是公共服务和社会管理的功能,而不是身份限制和单位控制的功能.因此,人事档案制度的变革不可避免.在可预见的诱致性政策创新当中,交易费用理论、公共服务理论、普遍信任理论、公民社会理论将为制度变革提供理论基础.     

军事财产征用法律制度的解释与设计

军事财产征用权的特殊性使军事财产征用过程中个人与政府、财产权利与行政权力的关系必须保持平衡,以防止政府滥用权力侵犯公民个人利益或公民过度行使权利损害国家利益。我国军事财产征用法律制度在实体性法律和程序性的法律缺失,可能伤及国家、军队、个人的利益,乃至形成诉讼,因此,应从最基本的法律层面上对军事财产征用权的保障和限制以及军事财产征用法律制度的实施过程进行了解释和考量,系统、综合地提出一系列理性构建我国军事财产征用法律制度的理念和政策建议。     

诚信与社会主义荣辱观教育

诚信是道德哲学的重要范畴,是人立身处世的根本原则,更是社会主义荣辱观的重要内容之一。诚信是维系人际合作、保障社会存在发展的纽带。在全球化下,培养诚信伦理更有利于促进人的全面发展。     

论侵占罪的构成及认定

侵占罪的构成必须具备四个要件 ,即犯罪客体是公私财物的所有权 ;客观方面表现为非法占有他人财物 ,数额较大 ,拒不退还或者拒不交出的行为 ;犯罪主体为达到法定刑事责任年龄 ,具有法定刑事责任能力的自然人 ;主观方面是故意的 ,并且具有非法占有的目的。侵占罪的犯罪对象较为复杂 ,即行为人代为保管的他人财物、他人的遗忘物或埋藏物     

中越关系的回顾与展望

今年是中越建交 5 0周年。这 5 0年来 ,中越关系既经历了“同志加兄弟”的亲密时期 ,也经历了相互敌视的低潮阶段 ,90年代以后 ,两国关系才得以恢复和发展。本文在对这一阶段的历史做了简要回顾的同时 ,对中越关系的现状进行了分析、阐述 ,认为中越关系在历经曲折之后 ,正逐步走上理性、务实、稳定的发展道路     

鸡减蛋综合征诊断抗原与超免疫血清的研制

将鸡减蛋综合征(EDS)种毒AV-127、AV-HS-1接种鸭胚,孵育120 h后,收取尿囊液测定其血凝(HA)效价,加体积分数0.2%甲醛灭活作为诊断抗原;将病毒对鸡、兔进行3次免疫,当抗体效价达到29以上时分离血清,制备成超免疫血清.试验证明,该EDS诊断抗原和超免疫血清具有特异性强、敏感性高等特点,可用于感染鸡群的疫情调查、免疫鸡群的抗体水平监测、EDS的预防、治疗和对减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)进行深入研究.     

Identification of exhumed remains of fire tragedy victims using conventional methods and autosomal/Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat DNA profiling

In a fire tragedy in Manila in December 1998, one of the worst tragic incidents which resulted in the reported death of 23 children, identity could not be established initially resulting in the burial of still unidentified bodies. Underscoring the importance of identifying each of the human remains, the bodies were exhumed 3 months after the tragedy. We describe here our work, which was the first national case handled by local laboratories wherein conventional and molecular-based techniques were successfully applied in forensic identification. The study reports analysis of DNA obtained from skeletal remains exposed to conditions of burning, burial, and exhumation. DNA typing methods using autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers reinforced postmortem examinations using conventional identification techniques. The strategy resulted in the identification of 18 out of the 21 human remains analyzed, overcoming challenges encountered due to the absence of established procedures for the recovery of mass disaster remains. There was incomplete antemortem information to match the postmortem data obtained from the remains of 3 female child victims. Two victims were readily identified due to the availability of antemortem tissues. In the absence of this biologic material, parentage testing was performed using reference blood samples collected from parents and relatives. Data on patrilineal lineage based on common Y-STR haplotypes augmented autosomal DNA typing, particularly in deficiency cases.     

Study on the application of parent-of-origin specific DNA methylation markers to forensic genetics

In paternity test, especially in motherless cases, the allele inherited from father (obligatory gene, OG) often cannot be determined. The paternity exclusion probability (PE) of a genetic marker is reduced considerably. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new technique, by which the parental origin of alleles can be determined without genealogical analysis. In this paper, we explored the possibility of using parent-of-origin specific DNA methylation markers to determine the parental origin of alleles, choosing the imprinted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus rs220028 (A/G) as a model system. We typed the SNP by mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR). The frequencies of alleles were A = 0.5085, G = 0.4915; the unbiased heterozygosity was 0.5020. In order to discriminate between the maternal allele and paternal allele, post-digestion MS-PCR, a novel PCR based methylation analysis and SNP typing technique was developed and performed on 18 heterozygous children, and the methylated maternal allele was detected specifically. As a pilot study on the use of epigenetic markers in forensic genetics, our results demonstrated the feasibility of using parent-of-origin specific DNA methylation markers to determine the parental origin of alleles.     

MVR-PCR及其法医学的应用

小卫星可变重复单位作图(MinisatelliteVariantRepeatmapping,MVRmapping)是近十年发展起来的一项DNA分析技术。本综述对该技术的分子学基础、发展过程及其在法医学的应用作了系统的阐述。认为该技术在个人识别与亲子鉴定方面发挥着为其它DNA分析技术所不可替代的作用,正在成为法医学生物检材检验的重要手段之一。