The relation between technology import and domestic R&D

The relation between domestic R&D and imports of technology is examined for 10 countries. Simple regressions revealed strong complementarity for each of the countries. Multiple regressions including GNP per capita and number of scientists and engineers were performed for the five countries with time series for all the variables. Strong complementarity was found between technology imports and domestic R&D and other variables for Japan and South Korea, weak for France, none for Germany and the US. Excluding government-financed R&D in the US resulted in a substitutive relation. Japan revealed a sharp decline in the ratio of technology payments to R&D spending; Korea is following in its steps. Complementarity appears to weaken in later stages as technology development strategies shift from dependent to imitative to autonomous or offensive technology development.     

A spatial analysis of county-level outcomes in US Presidential elections: 1988–2000

This paper identifies spatial patterns of county-level presidential election outcomes from 1988 to 2000, and tests the retrospective (reward–punishment) and issue–priority models of voting behavior within the context of county-level geographical clusters. Based on our spatial analyses, we find that: the geographical concentration of the partisan vote has increased at both the global and regional scales. Globally, counties have become more likely to be clustered with similar counties in terms of their partisan support. Regionally, Democrats have increasingly received more votes from the East and the urban areas than Republican candidates while the opposite is true in the West and the rural areas. The regression analyses also support aspects of the issue–priority model of voting behavior, while the retrospective theory is confirmed only for 1996.     

日韩公务员制度改革研究

作为地理上的邻国 ,日本和韩国具有很多相似之处。目前 ,政府的国际竞争力排名靠后的问题引起了两国政府的极大关注。为了适应全球化和信息化的发展趋势 ,提高政府竞争力 ,两国试图对各自的公务员制度进行大刀阔斧的改革。本文在对日本和韩国公务员制度的特点及存在的问题进行比较分析的基础上 ,提出了两国公务员制度改革所面临的最为紧迫的任务和相应的政策建议。     

Presidential personnel innovation for Presidential appointees in Korea: toward an institutional Presidency

Most presidents may come to realise that a successful individual, gifted though he may be, cannot do everything himself. The president must be assisted by a capable staff and trusted advisors. They are key to policy effectiveness. Surprisingly, in Korea, the past record of presidential performances in these respects has been less than exemplary. Under the current incumbency President Roh (2003–2008), there is accordingly growing public expectation that improvements might take place in his nascent administration. Accordingly, this article assesses the personnel problems of Presidential appointees in the previous as well as the current administration. After a brief but critical examination of the personnel selection system, it considers the ongoing efforts to undertake reform and its innovative direction. In conclusion, it observes that whilst the personnel system for merit‐based civil servants is reasonably well established in the Korean government, the presidential personnel system for political appointments is seriously underdeveloped. The author accordingly suggests some improvements of the system for ‘spoils‐based’ appointees. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How a Presidential Primary Debate Changed Attitudes of Audience Members

This article examines the effect of primary season presidential debates on voters' attitudes toward presidential candidates. Employing a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, we examine the 1996 Arizona Republican primary debate. We find that the debate led respondents to change their viability and electability assessments of the candidates and produced significant changes in respondents' vote preferences. In addition, we demonstrate that changes in viability, changes in electability, as well as differences between expected and actual debate performance influenced the vote preferences of audience members. We conclude by speculating about the debate's effect on the Arizona Republican primary, and by noting the potentially important differences between the impact of general election and primary debates.     

转型期我国城市社区治理中的分权问题探讨

我国正处于社会转型和体制转轨过程中 ,伴随着我国城市社区治理主体趋向多元化 ,其权力主体和利益主体多元化趋势也日渐显现 ,城市社区权力结构将会出现整体性变迁 ,管理权力重心下移、政府还权于社会、还权于民将是不可阻挡的发展趋势。从总体来看 ,我国城市社区自治权力的应然要求与现实情况还存在较大的距离与矛盾。文章以建立健全社区管理法律法规、确定政府行政权力与社区权力的有效边界、重塑制度创新主体和协调利益关系为维度 ,提出解决社区治理中分权矛盾的对策     

新时期变革中的韩国高级文官制度

本文探讨的是韩国政府公共服务改革的热门话题之一:高级文官制度改革。这项新制度的实施将对政府官员的选任与委派、绩效管理、工资制度、培训方式等带来变化。     

美国公共危机应急机制及对我们的启示

"9·11"事件后,美国的公共危机应急体系及应对机制得到了全面加强,其主要框架可分为纵向和横向两个方面.从纵向看,国家有联邦国土安全部,各州有灾害预防应对办公室,各郡(县)有应急通讯指挥中心;从横向操作层面看,又可分为包括911紧急救助服务系统在内的应急通讯指挥中心,独立的消防和紧急救助机 构,以及包括医院在内的各类医疗救治中心等各类具体操作机构,从而构成了一个较为完善的应急指挥与操作体系.考察和借鉴美国公共危机指挥体系及应对机制,我们还是可以得到一些启示的:首先,建立协调一致、有序高效的指挥系统,这是有效应对突发公共危机的重要基础;其次,加强快速应急机制建设,这是有效应对突发公共危机的关键环节;最后,促使全社会高度关注、共同参与,这是有效应对突发公共危机的根本保证.