2011命运之年?——德国社民党的危与机

社民竞今年不得不摒弃在五竞格局中继续作为全民党存在的想法,但无论是党的领导层,还是社民党自身,目前均未承认这一点.这对社民党是不利的,因为它尚未在德国政党格局中找到自己的定位.然而,社民党仍有着良好的机遇,因为没有一个政党像社民党那样拥有可以与所有政党组成联盟的优势,这将强化它在政党谱系中的地位,扩展它的权力选择,而能...     

Rebuilding public administration in the New German Länder: Transfer and differentiation

The rebuilding of public administration in the new German Länder can be described as a process of increasing differentiation. The new states share the common legacy of ‘democratic centralism’ and face similar reform challenges; but the analysis of the establishment of state administrations, local government reform and personnel policy reveals important differences amongst the states. West‐East institutional transfer plays a decisive role in creating effective institutions of governance in the East. However, it does not imply the imposition of a uniform West German ‘model'; rather, institutional transfer encourages administrative differentiation.     

Rohstoffgewinnung im Spannungsfeld des Bodendenkmalschutzes – dargelegt am Beispiel Nordrhein-Westfalens

Zusammenfassung Die Umweltvertr?glichkeitsprüfung (UVP) soll sicherstellen, dass bei bestimmten Vorhaben die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, unter anderem auf Kulturgüter, nach einheitlichen Grunds?tzen zur wirksamen Umweltvorsorge frühzeitig und umfassend ermittelt, beschrieben und bewertet werden, damit das Ergebnis so früh wie m?glich bei allen beh?rdlichen Entscheidungen über die Zul?ssigkeit des Vorhabens berücksichtigt wird (1 UVPG). Die UVP ist unselbstst?ndiger Teil beh?rdlicher Zulassungsverfahren (2 UVPG). Sie ersetzt weder fehlende Umweltstandards, noch modifiziert sie das materielle Recht. Der Umfang der vom Tr?ger des Vorhabens vorzulegenden Unterlagen (Umweltvertr?glichkeitsstudie – UVS –) richtet sich nach der materiell-rechtlichen Entscheidungserheblichkeit der Umweltauswirkungen (6 Abs. 1 UVPG). Die UVP ist nicht als ein Suchverfahren konzipiert. Die notwendige Durchführung einer UVP verpflichtet weder den Vorhabenstr?ger noch die Beh?rde dazu, Umweltauswirkungen zu ermitteln, auf die es rechtlich nicht ankommt oder die sich der Erfassung mit den herk?mmlichen Erkenntnismitteln entziehen.     

Moral Reasoning and the Use of Procedural Justice Rules in Hypothetical and Real-Life Dilemmas

The use of Leventhal's procedural justice rules in moral judgments was examined (1) in the match examples of the Colby and Kohlberg moral judgment interview manual (Study 1), (2) in hypothetical dilemmas given to a sample of 41 participants in professional ethics classes, and (3) in the real-life moral dilemmas produced by this sample (Study 2). Consistent support was found for the hypothesis that bias suppression is used more frequently at the higher moral reasoning stages. A higher number of justice rules were employed in solving a real-life than hypothetical moral problem, and most procedural justice rules were used more frequently in the real-life dilemma.     

Making the second step before the first: Assessing organized crime

The debate on organized crime has shifted from the question of “myth or reality?” to efforts to come to an assessment of the nature and extent of organized crime. This paper discusses the possibilities and limits of such an endeavor in the case of Germany. A meaningful assessment requires linking the concept of organized crime to clearly defined empirical referents, having a thorough understanding of their dynamics and interrelations, and obtaining valid and reliable data. It is argued that these requirements cannot be met given the present paucity in theory and data. From the available aggregate data contained in the official crime statistics and annual situation reports on organized crime drawn up by the federal police agency BKA no overall trends are discernible. Where trends are identifiable, they mostly pertain not to patterns of criminal cooperation but to contextual factors. In contrast, the analysis of individual cases may serve to shed some light on the situation of organized crime, provided they are put in perspective with a differentiated conceptualization. A four-fold typology of criminal networks based on differences in the social embeddedness of criminal actors suggests that the seriousness of the problem may depend on the likelihood of the manipulation of relevant decision-making processes. Germany is not characterized by alliances between underworld and upperworld, but the existence of criminal networks within the upperworld gives grounds for concern.