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151.
Public–private partnerships are a potentially important means of conducting pro-poor agricultural research in many developing
countries. Yet within the international agricultural research sector, there are few examples of successful collaboration that
have contributed to food security, poverty reduction or agricultural development. This study hypothesizes that partnerships
between public research agencies and private, multinational firms are constrained by fundamentally different incentive structures;
prohibitive costs, both direct and indirect; mutually negative perceptions between the sectors; and high levels of competition
and risk associated with valuable assets and resources. Based on a survey of key stakeholders and a review of the literature,
findings suggest that the primary impediments to partnership are perceptions, competition and risk, while issues of costs
and conflicting incentives are secondary. These findings suggest that investment in innovative organizational mechanisms and
supportive public policies could facilitate more, and more successful, public–private partnerships in pro-poor agricultural
research. 相似文献
152.
Dr. Kai von Lewinski 《Natur und Recht》2006,28(11):696-698
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
153.
154.
Jochen von Bernstorff 《European Law Journal》2003,9(4):511-526
Abstract: The field of global Internet Regulation serves as a prime example for the rise of global ‘a‐centric’ and ‘self regulatory’ governance structures. The most prominent private organisation in this field is the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN was founded as a private non‐profit organisation comprising private and public actors that run the Internet domain name system, a crucial part of the Internet technical infrastructure. It claims to be a participatory network that enables deliberation among the ‘relevant’ commercial and non‐profit actors in the Internet field. This normative aspiration of a legitimate sectoral polity beyond governmental and intergovernmental policymaking can also be isolated as the driving force behind a certain strand within the literature on global governance. The paper undertakes a critical analysis of this claim within the ICANN context. 相似文献
155.
Christian von Soest 《European Journal of Political Research》2015,54(4):623-638
Current scholarship increasingly argues that international factors and, more specifically, authoritarian collaboration fundamentally affect the persistence of authoritarian rule. In order to generate a better understanding of the nature and effects of these international dimensions of authoritarianism, this article provides a conceptual framework for various aspects of authoritarian collaboration to prevent democracy, particularly the relationship between authoritarian regime types and their international democracy‐prevention policies. It differentiates between authoritarian diffusion, learning, collaboration and support, as well as between deliberate efforts to avert democracy and efforts not explicitly geared towards strengthening autocracy. The article further distinguishes between crisis events and normal conditions where authoritarian rulers' hold on power is not in danger. It is argued that authoritarian powers' motivations to provide support to fellow autocrats are self‐serving rather than driven by an ideological commitment to creating an ‘authoritarian international’: authoritarian rulers first and foremost strive to maximise their own survival chances by selectively supporting acquiescent authoritarian regimes, maintaining geostrategic control and fostering their developmental goals. 相似文献
156.
八、自然法——未触及生活之需求与经验的抽象真理现在,在这样的基础上,兴起了一个新的学科,此学科在接下来的一个半世纪中,掌握了法学领域思想上的主控权。这个新学科就是自然法。很少有哪部学术著作,能够像荷兰的天才学者Hugo Grotius在1654年出版的(后来的再版次数,无以计数 相似文献
157.
Marisa von Bülow 《拉美政治与社会》2009,51(2):1-28
In the mid-1990s, for the first time in the history of the Americas, truly hemispherewide collaboration among labor organizations became possible. Yet this new political opportunity structure has not brought actors together in an undisputed new labor internationalism. This article focuses on two key sources of contention among labor organizations in the context of free trade mobilizations between 1990 and 2004: the discussions about coalition building with other civil society actors and the debates about including a social clause in trade agreements. It argues that transnational collective action occurs parallel to the continued relevance of national-level claims and targets, and that this simultaneity represents a real source of challenges, for scholars and labor organizations alike. Based on social network data and qualitative interviews in Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and the United States, the article analyzes the actions taken by labor organizations, and how these changed through time. 相似文献
158.
Jakob von Holderstein Holtermann 《Human Rights Review》2010,11(3):289-315
Over the last decade, theorists have persistently criticised the assumption that the International Criminal Court (ICC) can
produce a noteworthy deterrent effect. Consequently, consensus has emerged that we should probably look for different ways
to justify the ICC or else abandon the prestigious project entirely. In this paper, I argue that these claims are ill founded
and rest primarily on misunderstandings as to the idea of deterrence through punishment. They tend to overstate both the epistemic
certainty as to and the size of the deterrent effect necessary in order to thus justify punishment. I argue that we should
in general expect reasonably humane punitive institutions to lead to better consequences than if we abolish punishment entirely,
and I show that, contrary to widespread assumption among critics of the ICC, we should not expect the conditions characteristically
surrounding mass atrocity to undermine this presumption. Properly understood, the ICC equals adding another “slice of cheese”
to our comprehensive crime preventive system modelled along the lines of James Reason’s Swiss cheese model of accident causation
and risk management. Undoubtedly, some future perpetrators will elope through the holes in this layer too, but others will
be deterred. 相似文献
159.
160.
Hans von Rautenfeld 《American journal of political science》2005,49(1):184-197
This article develops Emerson's theory of representative democracy as it applies to a deliberative public sphere. By highlighting the democratic content of Emerson's thought, this article challenges tradition readings of Emerson that claim his thought to be elitist or antipolitical. According to Emerson, the public sphere is structured by representative individuals who are analogous to those representatives found in electoral institutions. These representatives make public the beliefs and values present in their "constituencies." They deliberate in the name of their constituencies, saying what their constituencies could and would say, were they to also directly engage in such deliberations. Representative individuals are tied to their constituencies through bonds of "sympathy and likeness." The moral consequences of a representative public sphere include the development of a sense of deliberative justice on the part of the citizenry and the reduction of the possibility of domination and oppression by ideologically oriented elites. 相似文献