Wiederaufnahme,Erschleichungstatbestand, Verhältnis zu sukzessiver Gerichtszuständigkeit

Ein iSd § 289 StGB falsches Gutachten eines Amtssachverst?ndigen, dessen Erstattung gerichtlich strafbar ist, das demnach vors?tzlich abgelegt wurde – die inhaltliche Unrichtigkeit allein genügt nicht –, ist an sich ein tauglicher Wiederaufnahmegrund. Die Auffassung, der Tatbestand des "Erschleichens" komme nur in Betracht, wenn der Bescheid seitens der Partei durch eine verp?nte Einflussnahme auf die Entscheidungsgrundlagen veranlasst werde, nicht aber bei einem Handeln der Beh?rde selbst, ist unzutreffend. Die M?glichkeit, einen Bescheid durch Klage bei einem ordentlichen Gericht – im Wege der sukzessiven Kompetenz – zumWegfall zu bringen, steht einerWiederaufnahme entgegen, wenn vor dem Gericht die entscheidungsrelevanten Umst?nde geltend gemacht werden k?nnen. Eine Wiederaufnahme des Verwaltungsverfahrens ist daher erst dann zul?ssig, wenn die Klagsfrist abgelaufen ist.     

Child and adolescent victims in forensic autopsy: a 5-year retrospective study

Children of more than 3 years of age and adolescents have been largely overlooked in the forensic literature, especially the 4-9 age group. Thus, the present study was undertaken to address this particular issue of child and adolescent victims in forensic autopsies. On a 5-year period (2000-2004) in Quebec province (Canada), all forensic autopsy cases of children and adolescents from 4 to 19 years of age were retrospectively studied. A total of 223 cases of child and adolescent deaths (148 males, 75 females; 6.6% of all forensic autopsies) were reviewed. Age, gender, manner of death and cause of death were analyzed for all victims organized into three groups of age: 4-9, 10-14, and 15-19. Moreover, homicide cases (n = 54) are further analyzed in terms of method(s) used (firearm, sharp force, asphyxia, blunt force, intoxication). This 5-year retrospective study may contribute to a better understanding of typical deaths in the 4-19 group of age and therefore, bring a working basis for the forensic pathologist or medical examiner/coroner.     

Ausländisches Unternehmen,Vertreter

Die Rechts- und Handlungsf?higkeit der in einem Mitgliedstaat der EU errichteten Gesellschaft beurteilt sich nach dem Gründungsrecht, auch wenn sie im Gründungsstaat nur ihren statutarischen Sitz hat und dort keine Gesch?ftst?tigkeit entfaltet; ihr Gesellschaftsstatut ist das Recht des Gründungsstaats. Das Gesellschaftsstatut (Personalstatut der Gesellschaft) ist für die Partei- und Prozessf?higkeit, für die Rechte und Pflichten der Organe und deren Vertretungsmacht und auch für das Ende der Gesellschaft (ihrer Rechtsf?higkeit) ma?geblich. Wer zur Vertretung nach au?en (§ 9 Abs 1 VStG) für ein in London situiertes Unternehmen für eine übertretung des TKG 2003 (Zusendung von SMS ohne vorherige Einwilligung des Empf?ngers) berufen ist, bestimmt sich nach dem in London geltenden Recht. Da es sich bei dem für London geltenden Recht um fremdes Recht handelt, auf das der Grundsatz "iura novit curia" keine Anwendung findet, ist dieses in einem amtswegigen Ermittlungsverfahren festzustellen. ISd § 4 IPR-Gesetz sind zul?ssige Hilfsmittel für diese Ermittlung auch die Mitwirkung der Beteiligten, Auskünfte des Bundesministeriums für Justiz und Sachverst?ndigengutachten.     

Explaining the European commission’s strategies in times of crisis

Despite the growing debate over the European Commission’s (hereafter, Commission) role in crises, there are few systematic explanations for the variety of actions undertaken by the Commission in times of crisis. This article outlines a heuristic device to explain the Commission’s actions during crises, based on the variables ‘Commission mandate’ and ‘member state engagement’. To this end, it examines two crisis events that affected two strategically important policy areas for European Union integration: the early stages of the financial crisis that began in 2008 and the migration following the 2011 Arab Spring. Based on analysis of these cases, this study identifies four strategies applied by the Commission: doer, follower, cooperator and recycler. Our study concludes that member state engagement and Commission mandate are important variables in explaining under which circumstances these strategies are used by the Commission.     

Networks and labor market entry – a historical perspective

This paper discusses how recruitment practices have changed over time. Networks and contacts are more important today for labor market entry than was the case in the latter half of the twentieth century. There may be two explanations for this: the short-run explanation and the long-run explanation. The short-run explanation derives from fluctuations in unemployment. When unemployment is high, competition for every vacancy is tougher and networks become more important for the job seeker. This has been the case in Sweden since 1991, when unemployment increased to new levels not experienced since the 1930s. In the long run, there has been a change in recruitment practices due to institutional change. A clear pattern is that the importance of social networks has increased, while the significance of public institutions (i.e. the Public Employment Service) has decreased.     

Assessing the Impact of Parliamentary Design: The Case of the Danish Committee on Gender Equality

This article contributes to the literature on parliamentary design in general and the pioneer literature on parliamentary bodies specialized in gender equality in particular. It does so by establishing a frame for the critical assessment of the impacts of such an institutional design. Moreover, by using interviews and data on the behavior of committee members, it demonstrates the advantages of applying a mixed method within a field that has mostly relied on participant interviews. A systematic analysis of the impact of the Danish Committee on Gender Equality shows that although this particular committee has not succeeded in adding the perspective of gender equality to legislation, it has increased parliamentary control with the government. Furthermore, it has enabled much better interaction between parliament and civil society organizations.     

Pacific men: how the feminist gap explains hostility

The gender gap in attitudes to foreign policy is well established in public opinion literature. Studies have repeatedly reported that women tend to be more peaceful and less militaristic than men. This article reexamines attitudes of individuals in relation to foreign policy and pits the gender gap against the largely forgotten feminist gap. We argue that the individual-level relationship between gender equality attitudes on the one hand, and tolerance and benevolence on the other, is under-researched, but also that key contributions about the effects of feminism have been mostly ignored in research on the gender gap in public opinion. We return to the notion of a causal relationship between gender equality attitudes, and peaceful attitudes, and of a feminist gap that also exists among men. In a series of novel empirical tests, we demonstrate that attitudes to gender equality, not biological sex, explain attitudes towards other nationalities and religious groups. Using individual-level survey data from five countries around the Pacific: China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, and the United States of America, we show that both men and women who reject gender equality are much more hostile both to other nations and to minorities in their own country.     

The Asian economic crisis and bureaucratic development: a veto player analysis

The Asian economic crisis ravaged numerous economies in thelate 1990s. Significant social and political disruption followedthe fall in Asian currency prices. The newly industrializedstates of Asia were particularly hard hit, yet some also experiencedswift turnarounds, reaching pre-crisis currency rates and economicoutput. The enduring puzzle of the crisis is the role of bureaucratic-businessties as a background cause of the crisis and determinant ofgovernmental policy responses. In this paper, we adapt Tsebelis'veto player model to include bureaucracy as a formal actor inthe adjustment process. We argue that states that minimizedthe control of developmental bureaucracies over finance anddirect managerial decision-making weakened the institutionalcapacity of bureaucrats to veto adjustment policies, both beforeand after the 1997 crisis. Moreover, we find that a traditionof strategic regulatory guidance is associated with favorableeconomic performance, provided that bureaucrats had subjectedprivate firms or state-owned enterprises to competition (oreven business failure) historically, and where the risks associatedwith financial decisions were not socialized by the state.     

Cross-scalar Dynamics of the Resource Curse: Constraints on Local Participation in the Bolivian Gas Sector

Abstract

Contributing to debate on the contextual underpinnings and varieties of the resource curse, this article points to how political and economic dynamics of resource endowments operate in interrelated but potentially contradictory ways across spatial scales. Resource endowments insert a complex set of incentives and interests into the political arena in ways that both enable and constrain actors at different scales. Using a case study of gas governance in Bolivia, the article illustrates the interrelation of these dynamics across local, national and international scales, and in particular how they circumscribe the space for local participation.