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31.
John Dixon 《Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis》1998,1(1):61-95
There has been dramatic global expansion in the national provision of social security programs throughout the twentieth century. This has provided very fertile ground for the comparative analysis of social security programs and systems over the last forty-five years. Most comparative studies, however, have, been content to describe and compare strategies, programs, institutions and values at the multinational or regional levels. There has been considerable reluctance either to engage in global studies or to embark on comparative-evaluative studies. This paper seeks to fill this gap by providing a framework for an evaluation methodology that permits the global ranking of social security systems and programs. 相似文献
32.
WELFARE IDEOLOGY, THE MARKET AND SOCIAL SECURITY: Towards a Typology of Market-Oriented Reform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The global shift towards the market in the provision of social security is typically associated with the values of the New Right, but we take issue with this view. An examination of the main welfare ideologies that have influenced the development of contemporary social security systems suggests that the market and individualism have a role to play in a range of approaches to reform. Whilst some approaches unreservedly endorse the market – in a way which accords with the ideas of the New Right – other approaches adopt a pragmatic orientation based on a recognition of two public policy dilemmas, “market failure” and “state failure.” This attempt to define a middle way typifies many of the recent social security reform initiatives. Drawing upon Esping‐Andersen's recent work on de‐commodification, we construct a typology of normative approaches to the provision of social security which may be used to contextualise market‐oriented social security reform initiatives. This we argue is necessary to avoid the over‐simplified dichotomy between individualism and collectivism which is typical of so much recent work on social security reform. 相似文献
33.
This paper explicates and reviews the competing approaches to policy analysis. It does so by constructing a methodological taxonomy that enables the identification of competing philosophical methodologies that underpin contending approaches to policy analysis. This is done by reference to contesting understandings of what constitutes knowledge (an epistemological issue) and what exists that is capable of giving rise to consequences (an ontological issue). This philosophical framework is then, illustratively, applied to an examination of the concept of the underclass. Then the epistemological and ontological challenges facing policy analysts seeking to analyze and address policy problems and issues are identified. Meeting these challenges requires the adoption of a methodology that draws insights from the epistemological and ontological syntheses that have emerged within contemporary social theory. 相似文献
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Jenny Tew Leigh Harkins Louise Dixon 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2015,26(2):166-184
This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Hare SRP) and the short form of the measure in a UK prison sample, using the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) as a reference measure. The Hare SRP and PCL-R were compared for 107 UK adult male prisoners. The SRP and SRP-SF total scores depicted excellent levels of internal consistency and homogeneity and correlated with each other with significant and large effects sizes. Total scores correlated with PCL-R total scores producing medium effect sizes and were significantly predictive of PCL-R total scores with small effect sizes. Implications for practice are discussed. 相似文献
36.
M Suh J R Shaikh A M Dixon J E Smialek 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1992,13(4):324-325
We report a case of failure of thumbtacks used in achieving last-resort hemostasis in a gunshot injury to the presacral venous plexus/sacrum. Four of five thumbtacks used detached. The exact mechanism of failure is not known. To our knowledge, there are no reports of failure of these hemostatic devices in the literature. This finding suggests to us that thumbtack hemostasis is not without complication. It is not known whether injury to internal viscera and organs occurred secondary to the loose thumbtacks. We suggest that surgeons as well as pathologists use caution when exploring pelvic or abdominal cavities following pelvic vascular trauma due to the considerable danger posed by these sharp objects. 相似文献
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Brittania J. Bintz M.S. Groves B. Dixon M.S. Mark R. Wilson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(4):1064-1073
Next‐generation sequencing technologies enable the identification of minor mitochondrial DNA variants with higher sensitivity than Sanger methods, allowing for enhanced identification of minor variants. In this study, mixtures of human mtDNA control region amplicons were subjected to pyrosequencing to determine the detection threshold of the Roche GS Junior® instrument (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN). In addition to expected variants, a set of reproducible variants was consistently found in reads from one particular amplicon. A BLASTn search of the variant sequence revealed identity to a segment of a 611‐bp nuclear insertion of the mitochondrial control region (NumtS) spanning the primer‐binding sites of this amplicon (Nature 1995;378:489). Primers (Hum Genet 2012;131:757; Hum Biol 1996;68:847) flanking the insertion were used to confirm the presence or absence of the NumtS in buccal DNA extracts from twenty donors. These results further our understanding of human mtDNA variation and are expected to have a positive impact on the interpretation of mtDNA profiles using deep‐sequencing methods in casework. 相似文献
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