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71.
Kyle L. Marquardt 《Nationalities Papers》2013,41(1):127-147
The government of the Chuvash Republic, an ethno-federal region of the Russian Federation, used a targeted and symbolic language policy in an attempt to stabilize the position of the republic's titular language while avoiding conflict with local Russophones and the Russian federal government. The resulting policy allowed the republic's government to frame the existence of an autonomous Chuvash republic – as well as the local elite's form of governance – as being essential to the preservation of the Chuvash language and thus the Chuvash people. In this way, it used language politics to strengthen its position vis-à-vis both local constituents and the Russian federal government. However, the limited nature of the government's program has made its gains tenuous in the face of continuing Russian political and cultural recentralization. 相似文献
72.
73.
Employment theoretically serves as a source of informal social control that can promote desistance from crime (Sampson & Laub, 1993). Findings from studies assessing the effects of employment, however, have been mixed. In a seminal study, Uggen (2000) reanalyzed data from the National Supported Work (NSW) Demonstration Project and found that employment significantly reduced the rate of recidivism among individuals aged 27 and older but had no impact on younger individuals. We reproduce and replicate Uggen's (2000) findings with data from four distinct employment programs: The National Supported Work Program (1975–1979), the Transitional Aid Research Project (1976–1977), the Employment Services for Ex-Offenders (1981–1984), and the Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ Center for Employment Opportunities (2004–2008). We closely reproduced Uggen's original findings in the NSW but found evidence that the statistically significant interaction between age and employment in the NSW was only present at the year 3 follow-up and the observed effect is highly sensitive to minor threats to internal validity. Furthermore, a significant age–employment interaction was not observed in the three other data sources. These findings should encourage scholars to continue to investigate the age-graded nature of employment and crime, especially through a sociohistorical lens. 相似文献
74.
Kyle D. Pruett 《Family Court Review》2007,45(1):52-57
Clinical examples of misapplications of social science research are reviewed with an emphasis on what can be learned with regard to dealing with and preventing such misuse of this type of knowledge. The differences in language and culture that characterize scientific research as separate from advocacy and social policy are also examined, with recommendations for improved cross‐cultural communication. 相似文献
75.
Kyle D. Dell 《政策研究评论》2009,26(6):699-727
American environmental legislation cannot be fully explained under traditional interest‐group theory, which emphasizes the success of well‐financed, organized interests. One alternative explanation holds that the American public accepts a new environmental ethos that is protective of the natural world and human health. This study examines 100 years of state‐level ballot questions on environmental policy and empirically establishes the emergence and persistence of this new environmental ethos as well as the changing nature of American support for environmental policy. This ethos emerges in 40 years, environmental policy making of this type has been increasingly citizen‐led, inclusive of a wider variety of environmental problems, while embracing a greater range of policy solutions including those premised on more radical notions of humanity?s relationship with the natural world. 相似文献
76.
The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative (Y2Y) was created in 1993 to advance conservation in a 1.2 million km2 portion of the North American Rocky Mountains. We assembled 21 people with influence over Y2Y in a workshop to elucidate
perspectives on challenges and solutions for this organization at a key point in its evolution, and used Q method to define
four perspectives on challenges and three on solutions. Participants were differentiated by four models for effecting change—vision-based
advocacy, practice-based learning, political engagement, and scientific management—with emphasis on the first three. Those
with authority in Y2Y aligned with vision-based advocacy and expressed ambivalence about practice-based adaptive learning
and rigorous appraisals of existing strategies. Workshop results were consistent with an apparent trend toward organizational
maturation focused on stabilizing revenues, developing formal organizational arrangements, and focusing strategies. Consolidation
of power in Y2Y around a long-standing formula does not bode well for the effectiveness of Y2Y. We recommend that leaders
in Y2Y and similar organizations focused on large-scale conservation to create and maintain an open system—philosophically
and operationally—that capitalizes on the diverse perspectives and skills of individuals who are attracted to such efforts.
We also recommend that the Y2Y initiative be followed closely to harvest additional lessons for potential application to large-scale
conservation efforts elsewhere. 相似文献
77.
Drawing on the psychological principle that proximal consequences influence behavior more strongly than distal consequences, the authors tested the hypothesis that criminal suspects exhibit a short-sightedness during police interrogation that increases their risk for confession. Consistent with this hypothesis, Experiment 1 showed that participants (N = 81) altered how frequently they admitted to criminal and unethical behaviors during an interview to avoid a proximal consequence even though doing so increased their risk of incurring a distal consequence. Experiment 2 (N = 143) yielded the same pattern, but with a procedure that reversed the order of the proximal and distal consequences, thereby ruling out the possibility that it was the unique characteristics of the consequences rather than their proximity that influenced the admission rate. The authors discuss the supported psychological process as a potential explanation for several well-established findings reported in the literature on confessions. 相似文献
78.
Amanda C. Walsh Marwa E. Salem Zachary T. Oliver Kyle Clark-Sutton 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2018,43(6):1607-1630
Each year, the United States invests about $45 billion in research conducted by federal researchers within federal laboratories. These efforts generate extensive social benefits when results are transferred to the private sector. It is important that we effectively quantify the economic and societal impact of federal technology transfer activities to inform taxpayers and policymakers about the value of public investments in this form of research. The Argus II device, an artificial retina commercialized in the United States by Second Sight in 2013, provides a rich example of how private sector innovation can be enhanced by research collaborations with federal labs and academia. Over the 25-year journey from idea to product, Second Sight carried out research and development collaborations with six Department of Energy national laboratories and seven universities. The case of Argus II also offers valuable insight into (1) how private industry, academia, and government can work together to bring socially beneficial innovations to fruition and (2) the tradeoffs inherent in these public–private collaborations. In this paper, we use a Markov model to estimate the realized and potential future social benefits associated with Argus II. We provide an interactive tool that can be used to replicate our findings and modify assumptions using updated patient information as it becomes available. We also provide insight into the aspects of federal involvement surrounding the development of Argus II that contributed to its successful commercialization and discuss other spillover benefits from these public–private collaborations. 相似文献
79.
80.
Public and private sector portfolio managers pursue similar goals even though they perform their portfolio management responsibilities in significantly different environments. This article compares and contrasts corporate cash management with state government practices. The comparison and analyses are based on data drawn from a survey of state government portfolio managers and an earlier study which reviewed corporate cash management practice.
The comparison and analyses consider investment objectives, permissible assets, assets held, and asset holding period, among other factors. The results suggest that portfolio management practices are quite similar even though the cash management environment is significantly different. 相似文献
The comparison and analyses consider investment objectives, permissible assets, assets held, and asset holding period, among other factors. The results suggest that portfolio management practices are quite similar even though the cash management environment is significantly different. 相似文献