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951.
J.E.L. VanDerNagel K.P. Tuts T. Hoekstra E.O. Noorthoorn 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2009,32(6):408-412
Knowledge of how nurses experience the process of secluding a patient can be useful in improving the quality of patient care and in the prevention of work related stress in nurses. This study describes personal experiences of nurses throughout the seclusion process. The emotions which came to surface in semi-structured interviews with 8 nurses were categorized in three main themes (Tension, Trust and Power) and a stress response curve was identified in the seclusion process, with specific feelings in each phase. Feelings denied in former studies such as feeling superior, anger and disgust were found in the interviews in this study. 相似文献
952.
ROYCE CARROLL JEFFREY B. LEWIS JAMES LO KEITH T. POOLE HOWARD ROSENTHAL 《Legislative Studies Quarterly》2009,34(4):555-591
Empirical models of spatial voting allow us to infer legislators' locations in an abstract policy or ideological space using their roll‐call votes. Over the past 25 years, these models have provided new insights about the U.S. Congress, and legislative behavior more generally. There are now a number of alternative models, estimators, and software packages that researchers can use to recover latent issue or ideological spaces from voting data. These different tools usually produce substantively similar estimates, but important differences also arise. We investigated the sources of observed differences between two leading methods, NOMINATE and IDEAL. Using data from the 1994 to 1997 Supreme Court and the 109th Senate, we determined that while some observed differences in the estimates produced by each model stem from fundamental differences in the models' underlying behavioral assumptions, others arise from arbitrary differences in implementation. Our Monte Carlo experiments revealed that neither model has a clear advantage over the other in the recovery of legislator locations or roll‐call midpoints in either large or small legislatures. 相似文献
953.
Taft CT Monson CM Schumm JA Watkins LE Panuzio J Resick PA 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(6):389-396
This study tested a model examining the interrelationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate relationship
adjustment, and intimate relationship aggression in a sample of 205 adult female flood victims. At the bivariate level, higher
PTSD symptoms were associated with higher physical and psychological aggression victimization, poorer relationship adjustment,
and higher physical and psychological aggression perpetration. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated
that relationship aggression victimization influenced aggression perpetration directly, and in the case of physical aggression,
indirectly through its relationship with PTSD symptoms and relationship adjustment. The influence of PTSD symptoms on physical
aggression perpetration was fully explained by poorer relationship adjustment. These findings extend prior work from other
traumatized populations documenting associations between variables reflecting PTSD symptomatology and indices of relationship
functioning, and indicate a need for further investigation in this area of inquiry.
This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (1-R01-MH55542). 相似文献
954.
Restricting loans of money to Hong Kong civil servants: social censure or violation of human rights?
Obtaining a loan is an individual’s private business and such a right should be free from interference. However, if Government
officers obtain a loan from undesirable persons, they may be lured into committing an act which they would not otherwise have
done but for the favours having been shown by the lenders. Section 3 of Hong Kong’s Prevention of Bribery Ordinance attempts
to limit such behaviour of Government officers. Since the power of this provision is draconian, it may possibly violate human
rights. This paper attempts to use a Social Censure perspective to explain why this provision was put in place in the 1970s
and why it was not repealed in the 1990s in line with the rise of human rights standards in Hong Kong. It argues that the
then British colonial government used a high-hand legal code to fight against corruption in the civil service to win its legitimacy
in face of the rise of Red China in the 1970s. A review of twenty-one Section 3 cases suggests that most of the loans were
not distributed for mere friendship but involved a wide range of culpability. Thus the coercion generated by Section 3 was
approved by the masses, resulting in the reinforcement of a draconian but efficient legal provision in the service of the
colonial administration. 相似文献
955.
Mortgage fraud is a fast-growing form of white-collar crime that has received much press coverage in the United States of
America. Mortgage fraud has an adverse effect on individual homeowners, communities, and many indirect victims of the crime.
While past research has focused on the personal motivating factors behind the commission of white-collar crime, this particular
article reviews several facets of the crime itself and explores the potential neighbourhood risk factors that help attract
the crime. From a national perspective, mortgage fraud seems to occur more frequently in neighbourhoods that have low socioeconomic
indicators. These associations become even more pronounced when the degree of fraud occurrences within the community is factored
in as a variable. Upon disaggregating the data according to region, the fraud indicator variables also display differing trend
levels, perhaps indicating that as mortgage fraud practices begin to mature within an area, its community dynamics tend to
change as well. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, community organizations, and law enforcement
officials as to how to address mortgage fraud once it appears within a community, and also addresses future avenues of research
for what is largely an untapped area of financial crime research. 相似文献
956.
Francis T. Cullen Jennifer L. Hartman Cheryl Lero Jonson 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,51(1):31-44
Until the latter part of the 1960s, the American public was inattentive to the problem of crime in the upperworld. Due to
a confluence of events (e.g., Watergate affair, Vietnam War, civil rights movement), concern about this lawlessness rose precipitously
in the 1970s. Public attention toward and willingness to punish white-collar crime has persisted into the twenty-first century.
We argue, however, that due to a series of recent scandals (e.g., Enron, WorldCom), public opinion about upperworld offenders
has been transformed qualitatively. High-profile offenders are now seen not as respected community citizens but as “bad guys”
whose crimes reflect inordinate greed and a disturbing lack of concern for victims. This typification is conducive to the
prosecution of white-collar offenders but may have the unanticipated consequence of deflecting attention away from structural
sources of corporate illegal enterprises. 相似文献
957.
Philip T. Grier 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2009,22(1):61-68
Semioticians traditionally honor Russian linguistics of the early 20th century, and study Jakobson, Vinogradov, Vinokur or the early Trubetzkoy. They do, however, seldom consider
Russian philosophers of the same period. Gustav Shpet is an important representative of Russian philosophers in discussion with Hegel, Neo-Kantian
thinkers and contemporaries in Russia and abroad, among them Edmund Husserl, originator of transcendental phenomenology. Shpet
introduced Husserl’s phenomenology in Russia and expanded those ideas in his 1914 Appearance and Sense. A triangle “Hegel—Husserl—semiotics” emerged where Shpet emphasized the concept of discourse in phenomenology: a philosophical
challenge to modern semiotics.
Significant portions of the material in this paper were originally prepared for publication in a chapter contributed to the
volume A History of Russian Philosophy, 1830–1930, ed. Gary Hamburg and Randall Poole (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming), and are used here in a different context with
the kind permission of that publisher.
相似文献
Philip T. GrierEmail: |
958.
The isotope ratios of amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) depend as well on the precursor as the synthetic pathway. For clandestine production of amphetamine and methamphetamine, 1-phenyl-2-propanone (P2P, benzylmethylketone) is a commonly used precursor.Our aim was to determine the variation of the isotope ratios within precursor samples of one manufacturer and to compare seized samples of unknown sources to these values. δ13CV-PDB, δ2HV-SMOW and δ18OV-SMOW isotope ratios were determined using elemental analysis (EA) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The comparison of all seized samples to the data of the samples of one manufacturer revealed considerable differences. The results show that IRMS provides a high potential in differentiating between precursors from different manufacturers for the clandestine production of ATS and identifying corresponding sources. 相似文献
959.
Research Summary Over the past two decades, researchers have been increasingly interested in measuring the risk of offender recidivism as a means of advancing public safety and of directing treatment interventions. In this context, one instrument widely used in assessing offenders is the Level of Service Inventory‐Revised (LSI‐R). Recently, however, the LSI‐R has been criticized for being a male‐specific assessment instrument that is a weak predictor of criminal behavior in females. Through the use of meta‐analytic techniques, we assessed this assertion. A total of 27 effect sizes yielded an average r value of .35 ([confidence interval] CI = .34 to .36) for the relationship of the LSI‐R with recidivism for female offenders (N= 14,737). When available, we also made within‐sample comparisons based on gender. These comparisons produced effect sizes for males and females that were statistically similar. Policy Implications These results are consistent with those generated in previous research on the LSI‐R. They call into question prevailing critiques that the LSI‐R has predictive validity for male but not for female offenders. At this stage, it seems that corrections officials should be advised that the LSI‐R remains an important instrument for assessing all offenders as a prelude to the delivery of treatment services, especially those based on the principles of effective intervention. Critics should be encouraged, however, to construct and validate through research additional gender‐specific instruments that revise, if not rival, the LSI‐R. 相似文献
960.
Hirsh AT Molton IR Johnson KL Bombardier CH Jensen MP 《Psychological injury and law》2009,2(3-4):263-275
Employment status following spinal cord injury (SCI) has important implications for financial and psychosocial well-being. Several age-related variables-in particular chronological age, duration of SCI, and age at SCI onset-have been identified as being associated with employment among individuals with SCI. Cross-sectional investigations of this topic are complicated by methodological and statistical issues associated with aging and disability. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between three aging variables and employment status in individuals with SCI through a series of regression analyses. Six hundred twenty individuals with SCI completed a survey that included measures of demographic characteristics, pain, psychological functioning, physical functioning, fatigue, and sleep. The results indicated that chronological age and age at SCI onset were significant predictors of employment status. A significantly greater proportion of individuals aged 45-54 were employed compared to those aged 55-64 even after controlling for biopsychosocial variables. Additionally, there was a negative linear relationship between percent employed and age at SCI onset, and this relationship was not accounted for by the biopsychosocial variables. The analyses used in this study provide one method by which to disentangle the effects of different age-related variables on important SCI outcomes in cross-sectional research. Continued research in this area is needed to better understand age-related effects on employment status, which could be used to help maximize the quality of life in individuals with SCI. 相似文献