Clustering of multiple sclerosis in Galion, Ohio, 1982-1985

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that the outbreak of 30-40 cases of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating syndromes in Galion, Ohio, USA, during 1982-1985 was related to an excess concentration of heavy-metal wastes, especially of cadmium and chromium in sewage and river water. Both multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis were diagnosed by board-certified neurologists.     

Survival time and acting capability after fatal injury by sharp weapons

Autopsy reports from 109 victims of fatal injury from sharp weapons were investigated with regard to type and number of lesions, blood loss, degree of alcohol intoxication, survival time and acting capability after the injury. Of the 13 who died immediately, nine had penetrating lesions of the heart. This group also had the highest number of lesions. Sixty-four victims survived for some time. The survival time increased with decreasing number of lesions. The greatest blood loss and the highest blood alcohol concentrations were found in those who survived between 0.5 h and 1 h. Twenty-four victims were able to make physical efforts after the injury and the movements varied from a few steps to the running of several hundred meters. Decisive factors for decrease in survival time and acting capability are penetrating lesions to the heart and the great vessels, and multiplicity of injuries.