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41.
Finite mixture models have become increasingly prevalent in criminology over the past two decades. Yet there is no consensus
about the appropriate criterion for model selection with finite mixture specifications. In this paper, we use simulation evidence
to examine model selection criteria. Our focus is on mixture models for event count data like those often encountered in criminology.
We use two indices to measure model selection performance. First, we examine how often each criterion chooses the correct
specification. Then, we investigate how closely the finite mixture models selected by these criteria approximate the true
mixing distribution used to simulate the event count data. We consider three sets of simulations. In the first set, the underlying
model is itself a three component Poisson-based finite mixture model. In the two other sets of simulations, the underlying
distribution of the Poisson rate parameter follows a continuous distribution. The analysis shows that both AIC and BIC perform
well under certain sets of circumstances likely to be encountered by criminologists.
相似文献
Daniel S. NaginEmail: |
42.
43.
This paper exploits uniquely detailed data and cross-institution variation in aid for three large public universities to identify
the effects of aid on the probability of college graduation. The results indicate that need-based and merit-based aid both
increase graduation rates at large public institutions, but primarily through the types of students that ‘select’ these institutions.
Merit-based aid facilitates an institution attracting students who have higher observed academic ability that raises the probability
of graduation. Need-based aid enables an institution to attract students with non-academic attributes such as social and cultural
networks that, while often unobserved, improve graduation success. Broadly, our results suggest that recent aid policy that
has moved away from need-based aid for low-income students (reducing their ability to find the best institutional match) and
toward merit-based aid (that alters the distribution of high ability students across colleges) could foster stagnant graduation
rates even with rising enrollment rates that have been observed over the last three decades.
相似文献
Mark Stater (Corresponding author)Email: |
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This study considers the relationships between first-year law students' admission credentials, the amount of time they spend in study, and the grades they receive on examination. Findings include that there is a significant drop in effort during the first year, that while effort invested in study pays off in improved grades this effort is much less significant in explaining grades than is student ability as measured by LSAT and undergraduate grades, that students in the middle and bottom of the class are helped more by substantial study than are those in the top, that class attendance is much more valuable in raising grades than is equivalent time in other study, and that none of the various study techniques examined could be linked with major differences in results. 相似文献
47.
The formation and initial efforts of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Accreditation and Standards Committee are described. The rationale for the accreditation guidelines adopted by the Academy is explained. Further efforts of the Committee to achieve the goal of the designation of the Academy as the accreditation agency for postsecondary criminal justice education programs are set forth. 相似文献
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L. Thomas Winfree Christine S. Sellers Patricia Michelle Duncan Gabrielle Kelly Larry E. Williams Lawrence Clinton 《Juvenile & family court journal》1989,40(1):49-62
This article examines a program designed to provide a family court with a means of lessening the probability that youths on probation for shoplifting will return to criminal behavior. A single staff member within the family court screened possible participants, all of whom were defined as first-time shoplifting offenders and had been assigned to formal or informal probation. Each individual was invited to participate in a four-hour clinic, during which time the realities and possible consequences of shoplifting were explained. If they were able to successfully complete six months of supervised probation, then only the administrative record remained; the conviction itself was expunged. Over a period of nine months, a total of 154 juveniles were invited; however, only 100 actually took part in all facets of the program. A total of 30 clinic attendees and 14 nonparticipants were excluded from the present analysis, owing to missing data, or the fact that at the time of follow-up, they were legally classified as adults. The prior and subsequent court contacts of 110 subjects are reviewed. While less than 3% of either group had subsequent shoplifting arrests, nearly 26% of the program group and 35% of the nonparticipants were rearrested. Factors associated with long-term success and failure are examined. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed, with specific grounding in the shoplifting literature and the concepts of juvenile diversion and “net-widening.” 相似文献
50.
A decade of economic stagnation has produced a plethora of calls for government action to stimulate economic growth in employment. Arguing that activists federal industry policy is likely not to emerge in the United States, Rasmussen and Ledebur examine the potential role of states in a "federalist industry policy." States presently administer effective programs of financial assistance to business enterprises. These efforts are "rationally parochial" in that their purpose is served equally well by cresting a new job or pirating from other jurisdictions. This paper considers how state programs can be reoriented to serve national growth and development objectives as well as those of specific jurisdictions. It concludes that a subnational industry policy offers a unique opportunity to reallocate existing state resources to achieve a much higher social return. 相似文献