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201.
Kauppila TJ Flink A Haapala M Laakkonen UM Aalberg L Ketola RA Kostiainen R 《Forensic science international》2011,210(1-3):206-212
A comprehensive study was made, where desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) was applied to the direct analysis of confiscated drugs and pharmaceuticals of various forms and matrices. The analyzed samples included herbal products [Catha edulis (khat), Psilocybe mushrooms, opium and Spice], designer drugs in tablet and powder form [e.g. meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 3-fluoromethamphetamine (3-FMA), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and methylone], and anabolic steroids in oil and tablets. The analyses were performed with ion trap mass spectrometer in MS and MS(2) modes and the obtained spectra were compared with GC-MS results. Contamination of the mass spectrometer was avoided by careful adjustment of the distance of the sample from the mass spectrometer inlet. DAPPI proved to be a fast and specific analysis technique, which does not require any sample preparation, and which therefore suits well to this type of forensic analysis. 相似文献
202.
Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in intimate partner violence: a two-generational prospective study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Smith CA Ireland TO Park A Elwyn L Thornberry TP 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2011,26(18):3720-3752
This study focuses on intergenerational continuity in violent partner relationships. We investigate whether exposure to caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) during adolescence leads to increased involvement in IPV during early adulthood (age 21-23) and adulthood (age 29-31). We also investigate whether this relationship differs by gender. Although there is theoretical and empirical support for intergenerational continuity of relationship violence, there are few prospective studies of this issue. We use data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), a longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior in a community sample of 1,000 urban youth followed from age 14 to adulthood. The original sample includes 73% men and 85% African American or Hispanic youth. Measures come from a combination of interviews and official records. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) is used to assess IPV and severe IPV in the youth and parent generations. Analyses controlled for child physical abuse, race/ethnicity as well as parent education, family stability, and poverty. In multivariate models, adolescent exposure to caregiver severe IPV resulted in significantly increased risk of relationship violence in early adulthood (age 21-23). Furthermore, there is an indirect effect of adolescent exposure to severe IPV on later adult involvement in IPV (age 29-31), mediated by involvement in a violent relationship in early adulthood. These results were largely invariant by gender. However, we observed a direct pathway between IPV exposure and adult IPV for women (marginally significant) suggesting that adolescent exposure to caregiver IPV may set in motion women-specific processes. 相似文献
203.
Laura Gómez-Mera 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2011,46(3):243-269
An increasing number of developing and emerging economies have adopted an inflation targeting framework for monetary policy
during the last two decades. This article investigates the politics of inflation targeting by focusing on the case of Brazil.
I argue that the decision to implement an inflation targeting system in 1999 did not only reflect the concerns of political
leaders with maintaining electoral support and external credibility. In addition, the choice of this new policy approach was
informed by a shift in the technical consensus among Brazilian economists about the most effective way to tame inflationary
pressures in a context of high capital mobility. The shift to inflation targeting thus reflected a process of social learning
among technical elites, facilitated not only by the failure of the previous policy but also by the successful experience of
other inflation targeting countries. Moreover, the evidence presented here suggests that, as the first country to adopt inflation
targets in the context of an IMF-supported program, Brazil became a test case and a natural experiment for the redefinition
of IMF conditionality and surveillance mechanisms. The paper thus sheds light on a process of reciprocal learning, whereby
the IMF not only contributed to collective learning but also learned from the Brazilian case, subsequently becoming an active
promoter of inflation targeting among developing countries. 相似文献
204.
Stoppa TM Wray-Lake L Syvertsen AK Flanagan C 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(12):1691-1704
Parents play an important role in helping their children process and interpret significant sociohistorical events. However,
little is known about how parents frame these experiences or the specific social, cultural, and civic messages they may communicate
about the event. In this study, we examined self-reported communication of parents from six communities in the United States
with their adolescents about the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Parents’ (N = 972) open-ended responses about September 11th were analyzed to assess whether communication with their adolescents occurred
and for thematic content. Results revealed marked variability in parents’ communication and suggest that many parents used
September 11th as an opportunity to impart sociocultural, emotional, and civic messages. Identifying the diversity in parents’
responses aligns with the tenets of Terror Management Theory and provides insights into the roles of parents in translating
pivotal historical moments. Collectively, these findings yield important implications for civic socialization. 相似文献
205.
Concerns about domestic energy security and global climate change mitigation have led the European Union, the United States, and others to introduce policies to enhance the use of biofuels in the transport sector fuel mix. While countries throughout the global South are positioning themselves to capture the economic benefits of this fuel transition, their capacity to do so is highly variable. This paper reviews the early evolution of the biofuel sector in Zambia to explore the extent to which the country is positioned to leverage future benefits of the emerging industry while forestalling negative social and environmental costs. In doing so, it sheds light on an under‐researched dimension of the ongoing debate over large‐scale land acquisitions and foreign investment: the role of legal and institutional frameworks in host countries in shaping outcomes. The analysis draws on the following: policy documents; stakeholder interviews with government departments, investors, and civil society stakeholders; and published and reported data on investments. Findings suggest that while existing and incipient policies and legislation provide an important foundation for attracting investors and achieving diverse sector aims, a number of gaps remain that are likely to hinder efforts to leverage meaningful benefits while minimizing negative impacts. 相似文献
206.
207.
Filograna L Bolliger SA Kneubuehl B Jackowski C Hatch GM Thali MJ 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(5):1329-1335
We investigated the feasibility of postmortem percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) for obtaining pulmonary samples adequate for the study of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE). Samples of both lungs were obtained from 26 cadavers via two different methods: (i) PNB and (ii) the double-edged knife technique, the gold standard at our institute. After water storage and Sudan III staining, six forensic pathologists independently examined all samples for the presence and severity of PFE. The results were compared and analyzed in each case regarding the vitality of the PFE and its relationship to the cause of death. The results showed that PFE was almost identically diagnosed and graded on the samples obtained via both methods. The discrepancies between the two techniques did not affect the diagnoses of vitality or cause of death related to PFE. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the PNB sampling method for the diagnosis and interpretation of PFE in the postmortem setting. 相似文献
208.
Two complimentary studies were conducted to investigate the inter-rater reliability and performance of juvenile justice personnel when conducting the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY). Study 1 reports the performance on four standardized vignettes of 408 juvenile probation officers (JPOs) and social workers rating the SAVRY as part of their training. JPOs had high agreement with the expert consensus on the SAVRY rating of overall risk and total scores, but those trained by a peer master trainer outperformed those trained by an expert. Study 2 examined the field reliability of the SAVRY on 80 young offender cases rated by a JPO and a trained research assistant. In the field, intra-class correlation coefficients were 'excellent' for SAVRY total and most domain scores, and were 'good' for overall risk ratings. Results suggest that the SAVRY and structured professional judgment can be used reliably in the field by juvenile justice personnel and is comparable to reliability indices reported in more lab-like research studies; however, replication is essential. 相似文献
209.
Laura M. Panizo 《Bulletin of Latin American research》2021,40(1):40-53
This article explores how a group of relatives of fallen soldiers of the Malvinas War inhabited death from the immediate aftermath of the conflict to the identification of the bodies in 2017. From a perspective borrowed from the anthropology of death and the body, it discusses how the status of these bodies shaped their relatives' representations of these deaths, understood as holy, heroic and sacrificial and inhabited through the performance of various mourning rituals. Finally, it demonstrates how the prospect of exhumation provoked resistance and fear, due to the unpredictable agency of the ‘corporeality of the dead’ in social life. 相似文献
210.