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961.
The transfer of new health technology to South Africa is occurring despite the fact that North American and European health care planners and entrepreneurs have a very limited understanding of traditional Black South African cultures which condition the health-related behaviors of the majority of the population. Consequently, relatively few people of African descent in this very diverse nation are, at least initially, benefiting from the new imported medical technology. This study gives an overview of traditional Black medicine in South Africa and, through the presentation of several case studies, discusses its implications for the societal adoption of new health technology received from the United States and other industrialized nations. The example of the successful application of cervical cancer exams in rural and urban clinics of the Eastern Cape is analyzed and institutional mechanisms that support successful transfer are identified. 相似文献
962.
Charles T. Clotfelter 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2001,20(2):199-221
The effect of interracial contact in public schools on the enrollment of whites has been an important concern in assessments of desegregation since the 1970s. It has been feared that “white flight”—meaning exit from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools—could undermine the racial contact that desegregation policy seeks to enhance. This study examines this question using recent data. It also expands coverage from large urban districts to entire metropolitan areas, paying attention to the spatial context within which enrollment decisions are made. To do so, it examines data for 1987 and 1996 on racial composition and enrollment in all schools and school districts in 238 metropolitan areas. The study finds that white losses appear to be spurred both by interracial contact in districts where their children attend school and by the opportunities available in metropolitan areas for reducing that contact. These findings apply with remarkable consistency to large and small districts in both large and small metropolitan areas. Implications for metropolitan segregation are examined. © 2001 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
963.
This article assesses the Clinton administration record of budgeting. During President Clinton's two terms, the federal government moved from an era of large deficits to one of equally large surpluses. This turnaround was caused by both the strong economy and the deficit reduction deals of 1990, 1993, and 1997. Defense spending and interest declined as a percentage of the budget, whereas mandatory spending and nondefense discretionary spending increased. Acrimonious interbranch budgetary relationships dominated, with Clinton ultimately winning far more fights than he lost. Executive branch budgetary and financial management capacity improved during the Clinton administration. 相似文献
964.
Conclusion No international agreement has been completely effective in reducing slavery. This stems in part from the evolution of slavery
agreements and the inclination on the part of the authors of conventions to include other practices as part of the slavery
defintion, resulting in a confusion of the practices and definitions of slavery. What has been missing is a classification
that is dynamic and yet sufficiently universal to identify slavery no matter how it evolves. We have attempted to build on
theories and examples to clarify the identification of slavery by focusing on an irreducible core of three elements. Assessing
the presence of all three can then be applied to a variety of social relationships: first, the complete control of one personal
by another; second, appropriation of labor power; and third, the enforcement of these conditoins by threats or acts of violence.
Many practices identified in international agreements have some but not all of these three aspects; all three are present
in traditional forms of slavery, bonded labor, forced prostitution, and sexual slavery. Effective research and legislation
against slavery is important, as it affects an estimated 27 million people worldwide, and as slavery is on the increase now
that many developing countries are forced to compete for income in a global economy. Finally it is important to remember that
slavery, like all social and economic relationships, evolves over time. Any definition that is based on a historical form
of slavery will soon lose its power to capture new forms of slavery within its aegis. Our understanding and our definition
of slavery must become as dynamic as the phenomenon itself.
This article draws upon a report made to the United Nations Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, prepared by Anti_Slavery
International and Professor David Weisbrodt. (See Report of the Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery on Its Twenty-Third
Session, UN Doc./E/CN.4/Sub.2/1988/14, para. 22 (1998). Michael Dottrigher Director of Anti-Slavery International, was a lead
author of that report. Norah Gallagher also provided important research, along with Matthew Armbrecht, Marcela Kostihova,
and Mary Thacker. Production of the report was supported in part by Kevin Bales. Caroline Tendall aided the editing of this
article. 相似文献
965.
John T. Sullivan 《Public Choice》2010,142(3-4):293-295
Comment on paper by Brian Goff regarding the influence of political advisors on observable measures of political outcomes. 相似文献
966.
Christina Suthammanont David A. M. Peterson Chris T. Owens Jan E. Leighley 《Political Behavior》2010,32(2):231-253
Drawing from group theories of race-related attitudes and electoral politics, we develop and test how anxiety influences the
relative weight of prejudice as a determinant of individuals’ support for racial policies. We hypothesize that prejudice will
more strongly influence the racial policy preferences of people who are feeling anxious than it will for people who are not.
Using an experimental design we manipulate subjects’ levels of threat and find significant treatment effects, as hypothesized.
We find that individuals’ racial policy attitudes are partially conditional on their affective states: individuals who feel
anxious report less support for racial policies than those individuals who do not feel anxious, even when this threat is stimulated
by non-racial content. More broadly, we conclude that affect is central to a better understanding of individuals’ political
attitudes and behaviors. 相似文献
967.
968.
Peter T. Leeson 《Society》2010,47(3):227-233
According to a popular view that I call “two cheers for capitalism,” capitalism’s effect on development is ambiguous and mixed.
This paper empirically investigates that view. I find that it’s wrong. Citizens in countries that became more capitalist over
the last quarter century became wealthier, healthier, more educated, and politically freer. Citizens in countries that became
significantly less capitalist over this period endured stagnating income, shortening life spans, smaller gains in education,
and increasingly oppressive political regimes. The data unequivocally evidence capitalism’s superiority for development. Full-force
cheerleading for capitalism is well deserved and three cheers are in order instead of two. 相似文献
969.
Alan Chan Shu Kam Lee Robert A. MacDonald Kai Yin Woo 《美中公共管理》2010,(5):47-55,78
This paper examines price convergences across different provinces in Canada using 1983-2006 data. We adopt the new panel unit root tests for analysis that can correct for cross-sectional correlation. Our findings are contrary to previous studies and we conclude that intra-national price convergence does not occur. We also briefly discuss the reasons for the absence of convergence within Canada. 相似文献
970.