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If we look back at the past two decades, timing seems to point to a close connection between democratic reforms and economic growth in sub-Saharan states. Most countries in the area introduced multiparty politics and made dramatic – if incomplete – democratic progress between 1990 and 1994. Quite strikingly, it is exactly from 1994 to 1995 (and particularly from 2000) that the region began to undergo a period of significant economic progress. Because of the undeniable temporal sequence experienced in the region – that is, first political reforms, then economic growth – some observers pointed to a nexus between democratic progress and economic performance. But is there evidence in support of a causal relationship? As of today, no empirical research has been conducted on the democracy–growth nexus in the early twenty-first century's so-called “emerging Africa”. To fill this gap, we discuss the different arguments claiming an economic advantage of democracies, we present our theoretical framework and carry out an empirical analysis of the growth impact of political regimes in 43 sub-Saharan states for the entire 1980–2010 period. Our findings confirm that African countries, many of which had long suffered the combination of authoritarian rule and predatory practices, derived some economic dividends from democratic progress.  相似文献   
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De‐identified wound data from 197 homicidal gunshot postmortems were obtained between 2000 and 2008. Forensic ballistics data were only available for cases between 2004 and 2008. Males represent 91% of gunshot victims and were struck in the thorax/abdomen with an average of 2.3 bullets. The type of firearms involved were semi‐automatic pistols in the predominant caliber 9‐mm Luger and assault rifles in caliber 5.56 × 45 mm and caliber 7.62 × 39 mm Soviet, using full metal jacket bullets. The majority of shootings occurred at ranges of 1 m or greater. The most common bullet path was front to back in 66% of cases. Entry wounds occurred more often on the left side of the thorax, abdomen, and back. The most common critical organs/tissues to sustain bullet trauma in descending order were as follows: heart, lungs, liver, aorta, spleen, kidneys, and vena cava. Ribs were struck by most bullets that entered the thorax.  相似文献   
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猪伪狂犬病病毒GZ-Z1株的分离鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为获得1株猪伪狂犬病病毒贵州分离株,将贵阳市某猪场送检的流产胎儿病料经一系列处理后接种Vero细胞,并对分离毒株分别进行了病毒理化特性、电镜形态观察、中和试验、动物接种试验、核酸检测等鉴定。当盲传至第3代时,出现细胞变圆变亮、脱落、呈拉网状特征的细胞病变;分离毒不耐酸和热,对5-碘脱氧尿核苷和有机溶剂氯仿敏感,能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和;透射电镜下可见位于囊泡中呈近圆形、有囊膜、150~180 nm大小的成熟病毒粒子,在胞核中可见衣壳呈晶格状排列的病毒包涵体以及空心、实心2种无囊膜的病毒粒子;将分离毒株接种家兔,能引起家兔奇痒、麻痹死亡;PCR扩增产物经测序证明系PRV gD基因的部分序列。结果表明,成功分离获得了1株猪伪狂犬病病毒贵州株。  相似文献   
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中国大鲵维氏气单胞菌病的组织病理学观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用病理切片和HE染色技术,对维氏气单胞菌自然感染大鲵的肌肉、肝、肾、肺、肠道等器官的组织病理学变化进行了观察。结果显示,肝可见大量淋巴细胞和少量中性粒细胞,肝细胞空泡状变性,肝血窦内见大量血细胞;肾集合管中可见少量蛋白样物,血管球扩张,有的溶解坏死;心肌纤维溶解,甚至坏死,可见充血和出血;胰细胞颗粒变性;肺偶见充血;脾索排列紊乱,脾窦中充满大量红细胞和巨噬细胞;肠道内肠绒毛溶解脱落,有充血现象;肌纤维蜡样坏死,肌细胞核浓缩凝固,深染,破碎。证实,维氏气单胞菌能使中国大鲵的多个组织器官出现严重的病理变化而导致死亡。  相似文献   
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This article presents findings from a qualitative study of seventy-one New York immigration lawyers who are engaged in private practice. It focuses on the lawyers' backgrounds, career paths, and early professional training and describes, inter alia, the unusual diversity of this bar, the lawyers' reasons for practicing immigration law, the ways in which they learn to practice law, and the strong sense of community within the private immigration bar. It uses the idea of communities of practice to help understand how lawyers learn from their colleagues and are influenced by them. The article identifies several factors that may contribute to the supportiveness of the bar and the strong sense of community within that practice specialty, notwithstanding its great diversity. It concludes by making some preliminary comparisons between immigration lawyers and lawyers in other practice specialties and by identifying some questions for future study.  相似文献   
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血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的HPLC分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Chen LL  Lia OL  Li WJ  Huang LY  Yan YY  Yang L  Ma XN  He R 《法医学杂志》2008,24(1):38-42
目的 建立血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法.方法 以非那西丁为内标,检材加入10%的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值为14,用甲苯提取,离心后取有机层,水浴下吹干,乙腈定容后进HPLC仪分析.结果 检测血液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的线性范围均是0.05~10μg/mL(r2>0.999 3),检测尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的线性范围均是0.01~50 μg/mL(r2>0.999 5).氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮在血液和尿液中的检测限分别是0.006 μg/mL和0.003 μg/mL.血液和尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的回收率不低于82.4%.检测血液和尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的日内精密度和日间精密度均小于10.0%.将所建的方法应用于给大鼠氯胺酮后的血液和尿液中的氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的测定,得到了氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮在大鼠的药时曲线和尿排药速率曲线. 结论本方法简便、快捷,适用于血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的分析.  相似文献   
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Levin  Avner 《Law and Philosophy》2002,21(6):567-617
Law and Philosophy -  相似文献   
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